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Cellularity does not make every cell module simple

Statement refuted

A cellular algebra need not be semisimple, its cell modules need not be simple, and a labelled cell-form quotient Dλ may vanish although the cell module Cλ is nonzero.

(a) Abstract degenerate instance: let F be a field and A=F[x]/(x2), with Λ={2⊳1} ordered so that 2⊳1, cellular basis c11:=1 in cell 1 and c22:=x in cell 2 and i=id (Cellular bases and cell modules). For a+bx∈A one has 1(a+bx)≡a⋅1(mod(x)) and x(a+bx)=ax, so the triangular axiom holds, and A⊳1=(x), A⊳2=0. The cell form on C2 has c22c22=x2=0, so it is identically zero, rad C2=C2 and D2=0, while both C1 and C2 are one-dimensional simple modules: on either, a+bx acts as the scalar a. In particular the Jacobson radical of C2 is zero and its actual head is C2, even though its cell-form radical is all of C2 and its cell-form quotient is zero: cellularity does not force Dλ≠0, and the algebra is not semisimple since rad A=(x).

(b) Hecke instance: let F be a field of characteristic 2 and q=1, so e=char⁡(F)=2 (The quantum characteristic of an invertible Hecke parameter); for n=3 and λ=(1,1,1) the partition (1,1,1) is not 2-regular (e-regular and e-restricted partitions), so D(1,1,1)=0 while the page's Specht module S(1,1,1)≅D(3) is the nonzero trivial module (in characteristic 2 the sign module is trivial) (The simple type-A Hecke modules are indexed by e-regular partitions, The type-A Hecke Specht module and its cell form).

(c) Reducible cell module: in the F=C, q=−1, e=2 specialization of the example the q-Schur cell module WF(3,2) satisfies ∑i>0[WF(3,2)(i)]=[LF(3,12)]+2[LF(22,1)]≠0 (The q-Schaper virtual radical-layer formula, the calculation of The q-Schaper calculation for (3,2) at e = 2), so its radical is nonzero and WF(3,2) is reducible even though it has a simple head.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The three settings above: the algebra A=F[x]/(x2), the Hecke algebra HF,q(S3) in characteristic 2 at q=1, and the q-Schur Weyl module WF(3,2) over F=C, q=−1, at e=2.

[F1]

(Cellular bases and cell modules, Nonzero cell heads classify the simple modules of a cellular algebra) For a cellular basis, products of two elements of the smaller cell vanish modulo the larger cell exactly when the corresponding form entry vanishes; Dλ=Cλ/rad Cλ is zero if and only if the cell form is identically zero, and only in the nonzero case is rad Cλ the module-theoretic Jacobson radical and the head quotient.

[F2]

The actual Murphy cell form is defined by the coefficient in masmtb, and the signed-conjugate ordinary bridge transports its radical through a unit-scaled form identity (The Murphy cellular basis, the cell law and the Murphy form, Ordinary Specht modules are the signed conjugate Murphy cells). At q=1 in characteristic 2, the sign twist acts trivially and the quantum characteristic is 2.

[F3]

(The q-Schaper virtual radical-layer formula, The q-Schaper calculation for (3,2) at e = 2) For the specified F=C, q=−1 lift with e=2, the positive Jantzen submodule sum for WF(3,2) is [LF(3,12)]+2[LF(22,1)]≠0.

Counterexample

1.1givenF1

The abstract instance: in A=F[x]/(x2) with c11=1, c22=x and 2⊳1, the product c22c22=x2=0 is congruent to 0⋅c22 modulo A⊳2=0, so the axiom holds with zero form value; the products c11(a+bx)=a+bx≡a c11(mod(x)) and c22(a+bx)=ax=a c22 confirm the triangularity. Hence C2 has identically zero form, rad C2=C2 and D2=0; the module C2 itself is one-dimensional with a+bx acting as a, hence simple with zero Jacobson radical and head C2≠0. Moreover a+bx is a unit exactly when a≠0: in that case its inverse is a−1−ba−2x, while every element of (x) squares to zero. Thus (x) is the unique maximal ideal, so rad⁡A=(x)≠0. The regular module is not semisimple: its submodule (x) has no complementary ideal, since any nonzero ideal meeting A∖(x) contains a unit and equals A.

1.2givenF2algebra

The Hecke instance directly. At q=1, put x=∑w∈S3Tw. Pairing terms gives xTi=x, and multiplication gives x2=6x=0 in characteristic 2. The top Murphy cell is the free rank-one row-character module generated by x, and there is no higher shape than (3); hence its cell form has value 6=0 and its labelled quotient is zero. The signed-conjugate bridge in [F2] identifies the ordinary module S(1,1,1) and its form radical with this Murphy cell and its radical, through a unit factor. Since the sign twist is trivial in characteristic 2, this is the nonzero trivial module, while D(1,1,1)=0. Thus this witness does not require the general finite-quantum-characteristic classifier.

1.3givenF1F3

The reducible Weyl module. In the precise lift of [F3], the sum of the positive filtration-submodule classes is [L(3,12)]+2[L(2,2,1)]≠0. At least one of these submodules is nonzero. Since all are contained in the first reduced submodule WF(1)=rad⁡formWF, that radical is nonzero. The Schur cell form has nonzero simple head, so its form radical is its unique maximal proper submodule. Consequently WF(3,2) is reducible, despite having simple head L(3,2). The reduced form radical is not identified with F⊗R the generic radical: specialization need not commute with this kernel, and the lifted generic form here is nondegenerate.

2.1step 1.1step 1.2step 1.3F1∎

Conclusion: the three instances refute the claims that cellularity forces semisimplicity, forces every cell module to be simple, or forces every labelled cell-form quotient to be nonzero; each is an application of the classification of cell-form quotients [F1] together with the explicit degenerate data.

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