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Cellularity does not make every cell module simple
Statement refuted
A cellular algebra need not be semisimple, its cell modules need not be simple, and a labelled cell-form quotient may vanish although the cell module is nonzero.
(a) Abstract degenerate instance: let be a field and , with ordered so that , cellular basis in cell and in cell and (Cellular bases and cell modules). For one has and , so the triangular axiom holds, and , . The cell form on has , so it is identically zero, and , while both and are one-dimensional simple modules: on either, acts as the scalar . In particular the Jacobson radical of is zero and its actual head is , even though its cell-form radical is all of and its cell-form quotient is zero: cellularity does not force , and the algebra is not semisimple since .
(b) Hecke instance: let be a field of characteristic and , so (The quantum characteristic of an invertible Hecke parameter); for and the partition is not -regular (e-regular and e-restricted partitions), so while the page's Specht module is the nonzero trivial module (in characteristic the sign module is trivial) (The simple type-A Hecke modules are indexed by e-regular partitions, The type-A Hecke Specht module and its cell form).
(c) Reducible cell module: in the , , specialization of the example the q-Schur cell module satisfies (The q-Schaper virtual radical-layer formula, the calculation of The q-Schaper calculation for (3,2) at e = 2), so its radical is nonzero and is reducible even though it has a simple head.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: The three settings above: the algebra , the Hecke algebra in characteristic at , and the q-Schur Weyl module over , , at .
(Cellular bases and cell modules, Nonzero cell heads classify the simple modules of a cellular algebra) For a cellular basis, products of two elements of the smaller cell vanish modulo the larger cell exactly when the corresponding form entry vanishes; is zero if and only if the cell form is identically zero, and only in the nonzero case is the module-theoretic Jacobson radical and the head quotient.
The actual Murphy cell form is defined by the coefficient in , and the signed-conjugate ordinary bridge transports its radical through a unit-scaled form identity (The Murphy cellular basis, the cell law and the Murphy form, Ordinary Specht modules are the signed conjugate Murphy cells). At in characteristic , the sign twist acts trivially and the quantum characteristic is .
(The q-Schaper virtual radical-layer formula, The q-Schaper calculation for (3,2) at e = 2) For the specified , lift with , the positive Jantzen submodule sum for is .
Counterexample
The abstract instance: in with , and , the product is congruent to modulo , so the axiom holds with zero form value; the products and confirm the triangularity. Hence has identically zero form, and ; the module itself is one-dimensional with acting as , hence simple with zero Jacobson radical and head . Moreover is a unit exactly when : in that case its inverse is , while every element of squares to zero. Thus is the unique maximal ideal, so . The regular module is not semisimple: its submodule has no complementary ideal, since any nonzero ideal meeting contains a unit and equals .
The Hecke instance directly. At , put . Pairing terms gives , and multiplication gives in characteristic . The top Murphy cell is the free rank-one row-character module generated by , and there is no higher shape than ; hence its cell form has value and its labelled quotient is zero. The signed-conjugate bridge in [F2] identifies the ordinary module and its form radical with this Murphy cell and its radical, through a unit factor. Since the sign twist is trivial in characteristic , this is the nonzero trivial module, while . Thus this witness does not require the general finite-quantum-characteristic classifier.
The reducible Weyl module. In the precise lift of [F3], the sum of the positive filtration-submodule classes is . At least one of these submodules is nonzero. Since all are contained in the first reduced submodule , that radical is nonzero. The Schur cell form has nonzero simple head, so its form radical is its unique maximal proper submodule. Consequently is reducible, despite having simple head . The reduced form radical is not identified with the generic radical: specialization need not commute with this kernel, and the lifted generic form here is nondegenerate.
Conclusion: the three instances refute the claims that cellularity forces semisimplicity, forces every cell module to be simple, or forces every labelled cell-form quotient to be nonzero; each is an application of the classification of cell-form quotients [F1] together with the explicit degenerate data.
Depends on
- The type-A q-Schur algebra and its Weyl modules
- The Murphy cellular basis, the cell law and the Murphy form
- Ordinary Specht modules are the signed conjugate Murphy cells
- Cellular bases and cell modules
- e-regular and e-restricted partitions
- The quantum characteristic of an invertible Hecke parameter
- The type-A Hecke Specht module and its cell form
- The q-Schaper calculation for (3,2) at e = 2
- Nonzero cell heads classify the simple modules of a cellular algebra
- The q-Schaper virtual radical-layer formula
- The simple type-A Hecke modules are indexed by e-regular partitions
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Sources
- Andrew Mathas, Hecke algebras and Schur algebras of the symmetric group, complete prepublication manuscript (1998; expanded published edition: AMS University Lecture Series 15, 1999); complete 79-page manuscript, SHA-256 8cfeb611a95a3ff25cb95ad22bfd3a68475818301c34b04d131a8480a1b997e0 (standard reference, not scraped)
- Alexander Kleshchev, Representation theory of symmetric groups and related Hecke algebras, arXiv:0909.4844v1, complete 66-page survey (standard reference, not scraped)