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The q-Schaper virtual radical-layer formula
Statement
Let be a principal ideal domain, a prime element, the residue field, and let satisfy in ; put . Let , let be a partition of with at most parts, and let be the Weyl module of the q-Schur algebra with its Jantzen filtration with respect to (The Jantzen filtration of a lifted cell module, The type-A q-Schur algebra and its Weyl modules).
- (Jantzen sum formula) In the Grothendieck group of finite-dimensional -modules, where is the beta sequence of , are its hook lengths and the symbols are the virtual Weyl symbols of Virtual Weyl and Specht symbols attached to beta sequences. 2. (q-Schaper, ) If and denotes the Schur functor of The Schur idempotent and the Schur functor for type-A q-Schur algebras, then applying to (1) gives the corresponding identity for the Hecke Specht modules in the source's normalisation, that is, for the Murphy cell modules of The type-A Hecke Specht module and its cell form (the Dipper-James form is obtained by conjugating partitions and applying the same pullback to every Hecke module), in the Grothendieck group of finite-dimensional -modules, with the virtual Specht symbols of Virtual Weyl and Specht symbols attached to beta sequences. The formula is a positive filtration-sum identity expressed in a signed Weyl/Specht basis. A single nonzero signed Weyl coefficient does not force the corresponding labelled simple factor: the entire right side must first be expanded and cancelled in simple classes. For a Weyl module and an off-head label , the resulting multiplicity of is an upper bound for , and is positive exactly when that factor occurs in the radical. This does not give a general closed algorithm for decomposition numbers.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: A PID with prime , residue field , with , the q-Schur algebra and its Weyl modules with Jantzen filtrations (The Jantzen filtration of a lifted cell module, The type-A q-Schur algebra and its Weyl modules), and the virtual Weyl and Specht symbols (Virtual Weyl and Specht symbols attached to beta sequences).
(The q-Schur Weyl weight-space Gram determinant is a hook product) The Gram determinant of on its -weight space equals times the hook-ratio product ; under every factor is nonzero in the domain .
(Jantzen layer dimensions sum to the Gram determinant valuation) The total dimension of the positive Jantzen layers on a non-degenerate form equals the -adic valuation of its Gram determinant.
(Semistandard weight dimensions detect virtual Weyl classes) Equality of all semistandard weight-space dimensions forces equality in the Grothendieck group of -modules.
The balanced displacement removes the -strip and adds the same number of boxes, preserving degree; its sign is the beta sorting sign (Removable border strips and their height, Hooks of a partition correspond bijectively to removable border strips).
The exact Schur functor has integral corner isomorphism and exact restricted form factor , with (The Schur idempotent and the Schur functor for type-A q-Schur algebras, The Schur functor sends Weyl and simple modules to Specht and Hecke simple modules). Filtration transport is proved below, rather than assumed from exactness.
Source results (Mathas, Theorem 5.31 and Corollary 5.32, printed pp. 58-60): the Jantzen sum formula for the q-Schur algebra and its transport to the Hecke side, with the coefficient and the virtual symbols.
Proof
Work on a fixed weight space of the lifted free Weyl module. Every hook quantum integer is nonzero because its index is at most and in the domain. The balanced Gram formula [F1] gives its determinant, and the unit power of has valuation zero. The Jantzen Gram-valuation lemma [F2] thus gives the sum of positive filtration-submodule dimensions as The signed number is exactly the weight dimension of the corresponding balanced virtual Weyl symbol, including zero and cutoff cases.
Apply step 1.1 to every weight. The Weyl weight-character matrix is unitriangular, so [F3] detects equality of Grothendieck classes and proves part 1. These are classes of the filtration submodules , not their successive quotients and not simply the radical class.
Establish filtration transport before applying the exact functor. On the lifted Weyl module , the identity makes . For and every , pairing with all of is divisible by exactly when its pairing with is. Thus . Reducing modulo commutes with the direct summand projection, giving . The actual corner isomorphism and factor- form identity [F5] identify the latter with the Murphy Specht filtration. Applying the exact functor to the proved Weyl-class identity therefore transports each submodule and every signed term, proving part 2 even when a reduced cell form is identically zero. For the ordinary convention, apply the same to both modules and conjugate the labels; the independently proved Laurent-unit form factor preserves these divisibility filtrations as well.
Explain the valid multiplicity information. The Weyl form has nonzero simple head, , and for . Consequently for its actual multiplicity in is its radical multiplicity, bounded above by its multiplicity in the whole positive sum. This whole-sum multiplicity is positive if and only if that factor occurs in the radical, since the first submodule is the radical and later ones lie inside it. No such conclusion is drawn from an individual positive or negative Weyl coefficient before cancellation. All claims follow from steps 1.1-3.1 and this submodule inclusion.
Depends on
- Virtual Weyl and Specht symbols attached to beta sequences
- The Jantzen filtration of a lifted cell module
- Removable border strips and their height
- The Schur idempotent and the Schur functor for type-A q-Schur algebras
- The type-A Hecke Specht module and its cell form
- The type-A q-Schur algebra and its Weyl modules
- Hooks of a partition correspond bijectively to removable border strips
- Jantzen layer dimensions sum to the Gram determinant valuation
- Semistandard weight dimensions detect virtual Weyl classes
- The q-Schur Weyl weight-space Gram determinant is a hook product
- The Schur functor sends Weyl and simple modules to Specht and Hecke simple modules
Used by
- Cellularity does not make every cell module simple Counterexample
- The complete weight-one decomposition matrix for S3 at p=3 Example
- The q-Schaper calculation for (3,2) at e = 2 Example
- General type-A decomposition numbers remain unsolved Remark
- q-Schur Weyl modules are in the same block iff their labels have the same e-core Theorem
- The weight-one block decomposition pattern Theorem
Dependency tree · two levels
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Sources
- Andrew Mathas, Hecke algebras and Schur algebras of the symmetric group, complete prepublication manuscript (1998; expanded published edition: AMS University Lecture Series 15, 1999); complete 79-page manuscript, SHA-256 8cfeb611a95a3ff25cb95ad22bfd3a68475818301c34b04d131a8480a1b997e0 (standard reference, not scraped)