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The q-Schaper virtual radical-layer formula

Statement

Let R be a principal ideal domain, π a prime element, F=R/πR the residue field, and let q^∈R× satisfy [n]!q^≠0 in R; put q:=q^+πR∈F×. Let d≥1, let λ be a partition of n with at most d parts, and let WFλ be the Weyl module of the q-Schur algebra SF(d,n)=S(d,n)⊗RF with its Jantzen filtration WFλ(i) with respect to (R,π) (The Jantzen filtration of a lifted cell module, The type-A q-Schur algebra and its Weyl modules).

  1. (Jantzen sum formula) In the Grothendieck group of finite-dimensional SF(d,n)-modules, ∑i>0[WFλ(i)]=∑(a,b),(a,c)∈[λ]b<c(νπ([habλ]q^)−νπ([hacλ]q^))[WF(β1,…,βb+hacλ,…,βc−hacλ,…,βn)], where β=β(λ) is the beta sequence of λ, habλ are its hook lengths and the symbols are the virtual Weyl symbols of Virtual Weyl and Specht symbols attached to beta sequences. 2. (q-Schaper, d≥n) If d≥n and Π denotes the Schur functor of The Schur idempotent and the Schur functor for type-A q-Schur algebras, then applying Π to (1) gives the corresponding identity for the Hecke Specht modules in the source's normalisation, that is, for the Murphy cell modules Π(WFλ)=SMλ of The type-A Hecke Specht module and its cell form (the Dipper-James form is obtained by conjugating partitions and applying the same θ pullback to every Hecke module), ∑i>0[SFλ(i)]=∑(a,b),(a,c)∈[λ]b<c(νπ([habλ]q^)−νπ([hacλ]q^))[SF(β1,…,βb+hacλ,…,βc−hacλ,…,βn)] in the Grothendieck group of finite-dimensional HF,q(Sn)-modules, with the virtual Specht symbols of Virtual Weyl and Specht symbols attached to beta sequences. The formula is a positive filtration-sum identity expressed in a signed Weyl/Specht basis. A single nonzero signed Weyl coefficient does not force the corresponding labelled simple factor: the entire right side must first be expanded and cancelled in simple classes. For a Weyl module and an off-head label ν, the resulting multiplicity of Lν is an upper bound for [Wλ:Lν], and is positive exactly when that factor occurs in the radical. This does not give a general closed algorithm for decomposition numbers.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A PID R with prime π, residue field F, q^∈R× with [n]!q^≠0, the q-Schur algebra SF(d,n) and its Weyl modules with Jantzen filtrations (The Jantzen filtration of a lifted cell module, The type-A q-Schur algebra and its Weyl modules), and the virtual Weyl and Specht symbols (Virtual Weyl and Specht symbols attached to beta sequences).

[F1]

(The q-Schur Weyl weight-space Gram determinant is a hook product) The Gram determinant of Wλ on its ν-weight space equals qN times the hook-ratio product ∏(a,b),(a,c)∈[λ],b<c([habλ]q^/[hacλ]q^)dμ(… ); under [n]!q^≠0 every factor is nonzero in the domain R.

[F2]

(Jantzen layer dimensions sum to the Gram determinant valuation) The total dimension of the positive Jantzen layers on a non-degenerate form equals the π-adic valuation of its Gram determinant.

[F3]

(Semistandard weight dimensions detect virtual Weyl classes) Equality of all semistandard weight-space dimensions forces equality in the Grothendieck group of SF(d,n)-modules.

[F4]

The balanced displacement removes the hac-strip and adds the same number of boxes, preserving degree; its sign is the beta sorting sign (Removable border strips and their height, Hooks of a partition correspond bijectively to removable border strips).

[F5]

The exact Schur functor has integral corner isomorphism and exact restricted form factor 1, with e∗=e (The Schur idempotent and the Schur functor for type-A q-Schur algebras, The Schur functor sends Weyl and simple modules to Specht and Hecke simple modules). Filtration transport is proved below, rather than assumed from exactness.

[F6]

Source results (Mathas, Theorem 5.31 and Corollary 5.32, printed pp. 58-60): the Jantzen sum formula for the q-Schur algebra and its transport to the Hecke side, with the coefficient νπ([habλ]q^)−νπ([hacλ]q^) and the virtual symbols.

Proof

technique · direct
1.1givenF1F2F4

Work on a fixed weight space of the lifted free Weyl module. Every hook quantum integer is nonzero because its index is at most n and [n]!q^≠0 in the domain. The balanced Gram formula [F1] gives its determinant, and the unit power of q^ has valuation zero. The Jantzen Gram-valuation lemma [F2] thus gives the sum of positive filtration-submodule dimensions as ∑(a,b),(a,c), b<c(νπ([hab]q^)−νπ([hac]q^))dμ(β+haceb−hacec). The signed number is exactly the weight dimension of the corresponding balanced virtual Weyl symbol, including zero and cutoff cases.

2.1F3step 1.1

Apply step 1.1 to every weight. The Weyl weight-character matrix is unitriangular, so [F3] detects equality of Grothendieck classes and proves part 1. These are classes of the filtration submodules WFλ(i), not their successive quotients and not simply the radical class.

3.1F5step 2.1

Establish filtration transport before applying the exact functor. On the lifted Weyl module W, the identity e∗=e makes We⊥W(1−e). For x∈We and every i≥0, pairing x with all of W is divisible by πi exactly when its pairing with We is. Thus W(i)e=(We)(i). Reducing modulo π commutes with the direct summand projection, giving WF(i)e=(We)F(i). The actual corner isomorphism and factor-1 form identity [F5] identify the latter with the Murphy Specht filtration. Applying the exact functor to the proved Weyl-class identity therefore transports each submodule and every signed term, proving part 2 even when a reduced cell form is identically zero. For the ordinary convention, apply the same θ to both modules and conjugate the labels; the independently proved Laurent-unit form factor preserves these divisibility filtrations as well.

4.1F4step 1.1step 2.1step 3.1∎

Explain the valid multiplicity information. The Weyl form has nonzero simple head, WF(1)=rad⁡WF, and WF(i)⊆rad⁡WF for i>0. Consequently for ν≠λ its actual multiplicity in WF is its radical multiplicity, bounded above by its multiplicity in the whole positive sum. This whole-sum multiplicity is positive if and only if that factor occurs in the radical, since the first submodule is the radical and later ones lie inside it. No such conclusion is drawn from an individual positive or negative Weyl coefficient before cancellation. All claims follow from steps 1.1-3.1 and this submodule inclusion.

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