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The Schur functor sends Weyl and simple modules to Specht and Hecke simple modules

Statement

Let k be a field, q∈k×, d≥n, and let F(X)=Xe be the right-module Schur functor of The Schur idempotent and the Schur functor for type-A q-Schur algebras. Set eq=e(k,q) (The quantum characteristic of an invertible Hecke parameter). For each λ∈Λ+(d,n) let Wλ be the Weyl module with Schur cell form Bλ and nonzero simple head Lλ (The type-A q-Schur algebra and its Weyl modules). Write CM(λ) and DM(λ) for the independent Murphy cell module and its cell-form quotient (The Murphy cellular basis, the cell law and the Murphy form). Then:

  1. F(Wλ)≅CM(λ) as right H-modules, and this isomorphism identifies Bλ∣Wλe exactly with the Murphy cell form. 2. F(Lλ)≅DM(λ), including the zero quotient; it is nonzero exactly when λ is eq-restricted. 3. For every eq-restricted ν⊢n, [Wλ:Lν]=[CM(λ):DM(ν)].

In the page's ordinary Dipper–James normalization (The type-A Hecke Specht module and its cell form, Ordinary Specht modules are the signed conjugate Murphy cells), these identities become F(Wλ′)≅(Sλ)θ,F(Lλ′)≅(Dλ)θ. The latter module is nonzero exactly for eq-regular λ and is zero otherwise. For eq-regular ν, [Wλ′:Lν′]=[Sλ:Dν]. The accepted ordinary polytabloid comparison identifies Sλ with the historical DJ module P(λ) and identifies their form radicals through an explicit unit factor. Thus the dictionary concerns the actual ordinary modules, not merely a renamed cell module. A zero Hecke cell-form quotient is not asserted to be its actual module head. No semisimplicity or choice principle is assumed, and n=0 is included.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The field, parameter, stable range and modules in the Statement; all modules are right modules and multiplication in S=End⁡H(M) is ordinary composition (fg)(x)=f(g(x)).

[F1]

The actual projection e onto Mω=H, for ω=(1n,0d−n), satisfies e2=e and eSe≅H by left multiplication ρ(h)(a)=ha. The functor is X↦Xe (The Schur idempotent and the Schur functor for type-A q-Schur algebras).

[F2]

The legitimate semistandard cellular construction is supported from Mtype⁡(T) to Mtype⁡(S) and sends its generating mtype⁡(T)h to mSTh; its star swaps S,T and its right-cell coefficients fix the first index modulo higher shapes. The Weyl cell basis is (wT)T (The type-A q-Schur algebra and its Weyl modules). Only the actual summand projections are weight idempotents; no assertion that all diagonal cellular elements are idempotent is used.

[F3]

The independent Murphy cellular datum uses mst=Td(s)∗xλTd(t), with its higher ideal I⊳λ, right cell basis (ct)t and form Gλ characterized by masmtb≡Gλ(cs,ct)mab modulo that ideal (The Murphy cellular basis, the cell law and the Murphy form).

[F4]

The nonzero cell-form quotients are pairwise distinct absolutely irreducible modules; when the form is not identically zero its radical is the unique maximal submodule. These are the general cellular conclusions of Nonzero cell heads classify the simple modules of a cellular algebra.

[F5]

The genuine ordinary bridge gives P(α)≅CM(α′)θ and an explicit unit-scaled form identity, hence DDJ(α)≅DM(α′)θ including zero quotients. This is the page's signed Specht normalization, and θ is an involutive algebra automorphism whose pullback is exact (Ordinary Specht modules are the signed conjugate Murphy cells, The type-A Hecke Specht module and its cell form).

[F6]

The full type-A classifier proves that DM(ν) is nonzero precisely for eq-restricted ν over the original field, including the finite-eq range and the empty partition; its ordinary-label statement is transported through the signed-conjugate form bridge, not inferred from a group-only specialization (The simple type-A Hecke modules are indexed by e-regular partitions, e-regular and e-restricted partitions).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1givenF1algebra

Under [F1], ρ(h)ρ(k)=ρ(hk) because both act on H by left multiplication, so the identification uses H, without an opposite algebra. The functor X↦Xe is exact: for a short exact sequence, a lift x of an element y∈X′′e yields the lift xe, and an element in the kernel lies in X′ and is fixed by e, hence lies in X′e. The tensor description uses the (S,eSe)-bimodule Se, which is a direct summand as a left S-module.

2.1F1F2F3step 1.1constructalgebra

The support in [F2] gives eφSTe=δtype⁡(S),ωδtype⁡(T),ωφST and wTe=δtype⁡(T),ωwT. Semistandard tableaux of type ω have each label once and are exactly standard tableaux. For standard s,t, their defining sum mst has one term, so φst∣H(a)=msta and ρ−1(φst)=mst. Thus the higher Schur ideal cuts out exactly I⊳λ in the corner. Read the Schur right-cell law with first index any standard tableau of type ω; coefficient independence permits this choice. Restricting the multiplication by ρ(h) to H gives msth, so its coefficients are the Murphy right-cell coefficients. Consequently Ψλ:Wλe→CM(λ), wt↦ct, is an H-isomorphism.

3.1F2F3step 2.1algebra

By the Schur cell product, φasφtb≡Bλ(ws,wt)φab modulo higher Schur shapes, with coefficient independent of the outer indices. Choose all four indices standard of shape λ and type ω. They lie in eSe; applying ρ−1, or evaluating their endomorphisms at 1∈H, gives masmtb≡Bλ(ws,wt)mab modulo I⊳λ. The unique coefficient in [F3] is Gλ(cs,ct), proving Bλ∣Wλe=Ψλ∗Gλ exactly, with factor 1.

4.1F2step 3.1algebra

Since e∗=e, contravariance gives Bλ(xe,y(1−e))=Bλ(x,y(1−e)e)=0. The decomposition Wλ=Wλe⊕Wλ(1−e) is therefore orthogonal. A vector in Wλe pairs trivially with its complement, so it is in the restricted form radical exactly when it lies in rad⁡formWλ. Since the latter is an S-submodule, rad⁡form(Wλe)=(rad⁡formWλ)e. This holds even if the corner form is identically zero.

5.1F2F4step 1.1step 2.1step 3.1step 4.1algebra

For the canonical semistandard tableau Tλ of shape and type λ, the map φTλ,Tλ is the actual projection onto Mλ: it sends mλh to itself and is zero on every other summand. Its square equals itself, so the Schur cell product gives Bλ(wTλ,wTλ)=1. Hence the Weyl form quotient is nonzero and is its simple head Lλ by [F4]. Exactness, step 4.1 and step 3.1 give Lλe≅Wλe/(rad⁡formWλ)e≅CM(λ)/rad⁡formCM(λ)=DM(λ), including when this corner quotient is zero.

6.1F4F6step 1.1step 2.1step 5.1algebra

By [F6] and step 5.1, Lλe≠0 precisely for eq-restricted λ. Apply the exact functor to a finite composition series of Wλ: every factor Lν gives DM(ν) or zero. Delete repeated terms. The remaining factors are the distinct nonzero Murphy simples in [F4], giving [Wλ:Lν]=[CM(λ):DM(ν)] for each eq-restricted ν. No multiplicity preservation is asserted for a killed simple label.

7.1F4F5F6step 2.1step 5.1step 6.1algebra∎

Apply [F5] and the involution θ to obtain CM(λ′)≅(Sλ)θ and DM(λ′)≅(Dλ)θ. Replacing the Weyl label by λ′ in steps 2.1 and 5.1 gives the ordinary dictionary, including zero quotients. Conjugation makes λ′ restricted precisely when λ is regular. Twisting both modules by the same exact equivalence preserves composition multiplicities, so step 6.1 gives [Wλ′:Lν′]=[Sλ:Dν] for regular ν. The genuine unit-scaled ordinary form bridge in [F5] also identifies these with the historical DJ polytabloid modules and quotients. At n=0, e=1 and each form has value 1, so the same proof includes the empty partition.

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