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Polytabloid specialization and the exact signed multiplicity dictionary

Statement

Assume the isomorphism Φλ and the exact unit identity of Ordinary Specht modules are the signed conjugate Murphy cells. Then:

  1. For every commutative ring R and q=1, the module P(λ) identifies with the ordinary integral-polytabloid Specht module R⊗ZSZλ of Integral Specht lattice and base change, with the classical left action converted to a right action by x⋅w=w−1x: the basis {et=zλTdλ′(t)} specializes to the standard polytabloid basis and the DJ form to the standard tabloid form. The sign automorphism θ becomes the pullback along the sign twist w↦sgn⁡(w)w of R[Sn]. Over every field F, this specialization is compatible with the conjugate-sign dictionary of Conjugate Specht modules are sign-twisted duals over every field.

  2. For a field F, a unit q∈F× and partitions μ,λ⊢n with DMμ′≠0 one has [P(λ):DDJμ]=[CM(λ′):DMμ′], and the simultaneous sign-automorphism pullback is the same θ on both sides: (DDJμ)θ≅DMμ′.

  3. Suppose a Schur-algebra corner is already proved to send the Weyl module W(λ) to CM(λ) and its head L(λ) to DMλ. Then that corner gives F(W(λ′))≅P(λ)θ and F(L(λ′))≅(DDJλ)θ, including the zero case; this is the θ-twisted conjugate dictionary, never the untwisted conjugate-dual identity. No Schur-algebra theorem and no source-20 convention is a prerequisite of this conditional dictionary.

No choice principle is used.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A field F or a commutative ring R with a unit q, a partition λ⊢n, the module P(λ)=zλH with its basis {et}, its DJ form and its form quotient DDJλ, the cell module CM(λ′) with basis {mt} and form quotient DMλ′, the sign automorphism θ, and the isomorphism and unit identity of Ordinary Specht modules are the signed conjugate Murphy cells.

[F1]

Φλ ⁣:P(λ)→CM(λ′)θ is an H-module isomorphism with Gλ′θ(Φλx,Φλy)=uλ(q)βP(λ)(x,y) and uλ(q)=qℓ(w0(Sλ′))−ℓ(wλ) (Ordinary Specht modules are the signed conjugate Murphy cells).

[F2]

θ is the involutive sign automorphism; the twist Mθ has action m⋅h=mθ(h), is exact, preserves composition multiplicities and maps simple modules to simple modules; at q=1 over a field, θ is the pullback along w↦sgn⁡(w)w (The Hecke sign automorphism, pullback and contragredient dual).

[F3]

SZλ has the standard polytabloids as a Z-basis and is base-change compatible: for every commutative ring R the canonical map R⊗ZSZλ→R⊗ZMZλ is injective onto the span of the polytabloids in the tabloid module, and the standard polytabloids form an R-basis of the image (Integral Specht lattice and base change).

[F4]

The conjugate-sign dictionary SFλ⊗sgn⁡≅(SFλ′)∗ holds over every field, with the explicit sign-twisted tabloid homomorphism (Conjugate Specht modules are sign-twisted duals over every field).

[F5]

The Hecke algebra has presentation (Ti−q)(Ti+1)=0, braid and distant commutation, with standard basis (Tw)w; Sn has the Coxeter presentation si2=1 with the same braid and distant commutation relations (The generic type-A Hecke algebra, The standard basis of the generic type-A Hecke algebra, The symmetric group has the Coxeter presentation). The row-module and polytabloid bases are split and compatible with every coefficient-ring base change (The row permutation module: distinguished basis and Hecke action, Integral polytabloid straightening for the comparison).

[F6]

The Murphy cell law and the cell form are defined by formulas with coefficients in Z[q±1] and commute with base change; the independent same-shape perfect pairing gives CM(ρ)≅P(ρ)∘ (The Murphy cellular basis, the cell law and the Murphy form, Murphy cells are the same-shape contragredient Specht duals).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1F5algebra

The group algebra over every coefficient ring. Let R be any commutative ring and specialize at q=1. The Hecke relations become Ti2=1, braid and distant commutation. The Coxeter presentation in [F5] therefore gives the homomorphism HR,1(Sn)→R[Sn] carrying Ti to si. A reduced word shows that it carries every Tw to w. These are bases of the source and target over R, so the map is an isomorphism over R, including in positive characteristic and with zero divisors. Equivalently the assignment si↦Ti gives its inverse directly from the presentation. No complex-field specialization, dimension comparison over a field or semisimplicity is used.

1.2F1F2F6algebra

Multiplicities and zero quotients. For a field and unit q, the unit form identity in [F1] identifies DDJμ with (DMμ′)θ, including zero quotients. A nonzero cell-form quotient is simple: the cell rank-one action shows that every vector outside its radical generates the cell module, so the radical is its unique maximal submodule. Thus when DMμ′≠0, the module DDJμ is a legitimate simple composition-factor label. Applying the exact twist equivalence in [F2] to a composition series and using [F1] gives [P(λ):DDJμ]=[CM(λ′)θ:DDJμ]=[CM(λ′):(DDJμ)θ]=[CM(λ′):DMμ′]. This proves clause 2. If a form is identically zero, only its zero form quotient is asserted; no claim is made that the actual module head vanishes.

2.1F3F5F6step 1.1algebra

The actual polytabloids and the forms. Give the classical tabloid module the right action {t}⋅w={w−1⋅t}={t⋅w}. The map bd=xλTd↦{tλ⋅d} sends the distinguished basis to the tabloid basis. It respects the right action: at q=1 the row-module multiplication rule is simply the permutation of these cosets, with a same-row transposition acting as 1. Every diagonal value of β becomes 1, so this is an isometry to the orthonormal tabloid form. The column group of the column-filled tableau tλ is exactly Sλ′, because its columns carry the consecutive row blocks of λ′. Hence zλ=xλwλ∑u∈Sλ′sgn⁡(u)u maps to ∑usgn⁡(u){tλ⋅u}, the classical column polytabloid of tλ (replace u by u−1 to compare with the left-action formula). Covariance shows et=zλdλ′(t) maps to the polytabloid of tλ⋅dλ′(t)=t′, the transpose of the standard λ′-tableau t. Thus the actual standard bases correspond bijectively. By the split integral classical basis in [F3] and the split Hecke basis in [F5], this identifies P(λ) with R⊗ZSZλ over every R, and the restricted DJ form with the restricted tabloid form.

3.1F1F2F4F6step 2.1algebra

The exact position of the twist. At q=1, [F2] gives θ(Ti)=−Ti, hence θ(w)=sgn⁡(w)w. Therefore the right module P(λ)θ is the sign tensor twist. Applying the involution θ to [F1] yields P(λ)θ≅CM(λ′), without a remaining twist on the Murphy cell. Combining this with the independent same-shape pairing in [F6] gives P(λ)θ≅P(λ′)∘. Under step 2.1, star dual is the ordinary group contragredient dual, so this is exactly the module identity SFλ⊗sgn⁡≅(SFλ′)∗ of [F4] after converting the published left modules to right modules. This asserts the same compatible module dictionary, not an unproved equality of separately normalized explicit maps. In characteristic 2 the sign becomes trivial at q=1; conjugation remains part of the identity.

4.1F1F2F6step 2.1step 3.1step 1.2algebra∎

Conditional Schur dictionary and conclusion. Under the stated separate hypothesis on a Schur corner, its images at λ′ are CM(λ′) and DMλ′. The untwisted Murphy identities from step 3.1 and [F1], valid for arbitrary unit q by involutivity of θ, identify these with P(λ)θ and (DDJλ)θ, including the zero quotient. This proves clause 3 without a Schur theorem as a prerequisite. The actual nonzero Schur head and the Hecke cell-form quotient are distinct notions when the corner kills the former. For the empty shape, the generators, forms, twists and all isomorphisms have value 1. All bases, maps and scalar identities are explicit and use no choice principle.

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