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Complex Lp completeness and almost-everywhere subsequences
Statement
Assume countable choice. For every measure space and , is complete. Every sequence converging in this norm has a subsequence of measurable representatives converging a.e. to a measurable representative of its norm limit. For finite no pointwise convergence of the whole sequence is asserted.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: Countable choice, a measure space, , and a complex Lp Cauchy sequence .
The component maps on classes are contractions, and the complex norm is bounded by the sum of the component norms (Complex Holder, Minkowski, and the quotient norm).
Real Lp is complete for every exponent in this range (Riesz-Fischer completeness of for ).
Real norm convergence supplies an a.e.-convergent subsequence of measurable representatives with the correct limit class (Assuming Countable Choice, -convergent sequences have almost-everywhere convergent subsequences).
Countable choice selects elements from a countable family of nonempty sets (The Axiom of Countable Choice ()).
Countable unions of measurable null sets are null (Finite and countable subadditivity of measures).
Proof
For and , F1 gives . Both real sequences are therefore Cauchy. F2 supplies real classes with , .
For a sequence already converging to , its real components converge to by F1. Apply F3 to obtain indices and real representatives off a measurable null set. Its imaginary components still converge in norm; apply F3 to that subsequence to obtain further indices and imaginary representatives off a second measurable null set. Then represents and converges to outside the union of those two null sets, which is null by F5.
Choose measurable representatives of these two classes and put . F1 shows and . Thus every Cauchy sequence converges, at infinity as well as at finite .
The simultaneous representative selections used by the real results are permitted by F4; selection of the two limit representatives requires only two choices. All functions can be assigned zero on the measurable exceptional sets: a function pieced from a measurable function on a measurable set and zero on its complement is measurable. If predetermined measurable representatives are desired, their disagreement sets with the selected representatives are themselves measurable and null; F5 applied to their countable union preserves the a.e. convergence. Hence the assertions hold on incomplete measures without prescribing arbitrary, possibly nonmeasurable, values on null sets.
Depends on
- Complex Holder, Minkowski, and the quotient norm
- Riesz-Fischer completeness of $L^p$ for $1 \le p \le \infty$
- Assuming Countable Choice, $L^p$-convergent sequences have almost-everywhere convergent subsequences
- The Axiom of Countable Choice ($\mathrm{AC}_\omega$)
- Finite and countable subadditivity of measures
Used by
- Compatible extensions from the finite simple core Corollary
- Lᵖ is uniformly convex for 1<p<∞ Corollary
- Stein-Tomas for compact hypersurfaces with nonzero curvature Corollary
- The Sobolev inequality for zero-boundary Sobolev closures on open sets Corollary
- Weighted-integrable Hᵖ functions have vanishing moments in the atomic range Corollary
- A compactly supported L¹ function of nonzero integral is not in H¹ Counterexample
- Hilbert transform does not map L-infinity to L-infinity Counterexample
- Weighted L2 spaces and maximal dbar operators Definition
- A multiplication semigroup with an unbounded generator Example
- Hilbert transform of an interval indicator Example
- Hilbert transform of the line Poisson kernel Example
- The right-translation semigroup on Lp has the weak derivative as generator Example
- Ball-mean oscillation bound by the Riesz potential of the gradient Lemma
- Bounded BMO functions dualise H1 boundedly Lemma
- Closed l two subspaces have orthogonal projections Lemma
- Complex completeness, density, and inner product: the consumer interface Lemma
- Hilbert cesaro averages converge to the fixed subspace Lemma
- Kolmogorov gliding hump series converges in lone Lemma
- Local W^2,p regularity of weak solutions of the Poisson equation Lemma
- Mean-zero Poincare estimate on bounded connected extension domains below the dimension Lemma
- Planar Cauchy and Beurling transforms and near-two Beltrami inversion Lemma
- Restriction and extension estimates are dual Lemma
- Square integrable kernels define bounded compact integral operators Lemma
- The conjugate Dirichlet kernel, and the periodic principal-value formula Lemma
- The first Born data are the Fréchet linearization at zero contrast Lemma
- Born truncation error for a small-norm volume integral operator Theorem
- Calderon-Zygmund operators map H¹ boundedly into L¹ Theorem
- Fredholm convergence and far-field error for cell-volume product integration Theorem
- Fredholm solvability and residual stability for volume scattering Theorem
- Hardy–Littlewood–Sobolev fractional integration inequality Theorem
- Higher-order Sobolev embedding Theorem
- Integer-order Sobolev spaces are Banach Theorem
- L¹[0,1] fails the Radon--Nikodym property Theorem
- Littlewood-Paley characterisation of the Hilbert-Sobolev spaces Theorem
- Littlewood-Paley square-function equivalence on Lp for 1<p<infinity Theorem
- Periodic Fourier partial sums converge in the strict Lp range Theorem
- Riesz-Thorin interpolation theorem Theorem
- Sobolev embedding on bounded extension domains for p<n Theorem
- The Gagliardo-Nirenberg-Sobolev inequality for 1<p<n Theorem
- The Marcel Riesz conjugate-function theorem on the circle Theorem
…and 2 more results.
Dependency tree · two levels
30 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Gerald Teschl, Topics in Real and Functional Analysis (standard reference, not scraped)