How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
Basic operations are continuous on Schwartz space
Statement
On , differentiation, multiplication by a fixed polynomial, translation by a fixed vector, and modulation by a fixed frequency are continuous complex-linear maps. Reflection is continuous linear and conjugation continuous antilinear. Pointwise multiplication is continuous bilinear. These assertions require no choice.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: The seminorms and topology of Schwartz space and its seminorms and Schwartz topology and convergence, with maps and multi-index derivative notation in Euclidean space.
Apply the higher product rule in each coordinate (The general Leibniz rule for the -th derivative of a product) and commute smooth mixed partials (Continuous mixed partials of order are invariant under permutations).
The complex exponential addition and Euler formulas, with the sine and cosine derivative formulas, give and (, and the complex exponential extends the real exponential, The derivatives of sine and cosine are cosine and minus sine, , , and ).
Proof
By [F1], . For a monomial multiplier , its product-rule term indexed by is times , giving the bound by the corresponding finite sum of . A polynomial is a finite sum of these monomials. For , put and expand ; then .
For , [F1] and [F2] give . Reflection has , and conjugation has the same identity, since coordinate derivatives commute with real and imaginary parts. These formulas also prove the asserted linearity or antilinearity.
All bounds in steps 1.1 and 1.2 are finite seminorm sums; requiring their finitely many input seminorms to be sufficiently small proves continuity at zero directly from the topology, and linearity or antilinearity translates this to every point. Product Leibniz further gives , proving closure. At write and apply this bound to all three terms. Each of the finitely many errors tends to zero with the relevant input seminorms, proving joint continuity and bilinearity.
Depends on
- Schwartz space and its seminorms
- Schwartz topology and convergence
- $C^k$ maps and multi-index derivative notation in Euclidean space
- $\exp(z+w)=\exp z\,\exp w$, and the complex exponential extends the real exponential
- The derivatives of sine and cosine are cosine and minus sine
- $\exp(x+iy)=e^x(\cos y+i\sin y)$, $|\exp(x+iy)|=e^x$, and $e^{i\pi}+1=0$
- The general Leibniz rule for the $n$-th derivative of a product
- Continuous mixed partials of order $k$ are invariant under permutations
Used by
Dependency tree · two levels
39 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Semyon Dyatlov, MIT 18.155 (2022) (standard reference, not scraped)