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Schwartz convolution and product laws
Statement
Assume countable choice. If , their pointwise product and their everywhere-defined convolution are Schwartz functions, and
Facts & Assumptions
Given: The Axiom of Countable Choice ().
Fourier transformation is an automorphism of Schwartz space (Fourier transform is a topological automorphism of Schwartz space).
Products of Schwartz functions are Schwartz (Basic operations are continuous on Schwartz space).
Schwartz functions are integrable and bounded (Schwartz derivatives are integrable).
The convolution transform formula holds on integrable inputs (Fourier transform turns L1 convolution into multiplication).
The product formula holds when one transform is integrable (Fourier transform of a product with one integrable transform).
Equal integral transforms imply equality almost everywhere (Uniqueness of the L1 Fourier transform).
Dominated convergence holds (Dominated convergence).
Proof
By [F1]–[F3], is Schwartz and integrable. Also the convolution integral exists for every , bounded absolutely by . It is continuous: for any , its integrands converge pointwise by continuity of and are dominated by ; [F7] gives convergence of the integrals. The sequential continuity criterion is valid under countable choice. By [F4] the integrable convolution class has transform , so [F6] identifies it with almost everywhere. Two continuous functions equal almost everywhere are equal everywhere, since a nonzero difference persists on a ball containing a box of positive measure. Hence the actual convolution is .
The product is Schwartz by [F2]. By [F1] and [F3], are integrable, so [F5] applies. Its continuous inverse representative of is itself by [F1]. Thus its identity gives the second displayed formula everywhere; step 1.1 and [F4] give the first.
Depends on
- Fourier transform is a topological automorphism of Schwartz space
- Basic operations are continuous on Schwartz space
- Fourier transform turns L1 convolution into multiplication
- Fourier transform of a product with one integrable transform
- Uniqueness of the L1 Fourier transform
- The Axiom of Countable Choice ($\mathrm{AC}_\omega$)
- Schwartz derivatives are integrable
- Dominated convergence
Used by
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Sources
- Semyon Dyatlov, MIT 18.155 (2022) (standard reference, not scraped)