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TheoremStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedprecheck passaudited 2026-08-27
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Exterior disc points and exterior cone points are regular

Statement

Let Ω⊆C be a bounded complex domain and let ζ∈∂Ω.

  1. If there is a closed disc B(c,R)‾⊆C∖Ω with ζ∈∂B(c,R), then ζ is regular.
  2. If, after a rigid motion sending ζ to 0, the domain lies locally in a sector of opening angle <π, then ζ is regular.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A bounded complex domain Ω and a boundary point ζ∈∂Ω.

[L1]

A boundary point is regular exactly when it admits a barrier (A boundary point is regular exactly when it admits a barrier).

[L2]

A negative local subharmonic peak with a strictly negative bound on a smaller seam globalizes to a barrier (A local strict subharmonic peak function globalizes).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1L1givenconstruct

In the exterior-disc case put Φ(z)=ζ−cz−c,b(z)=Re⁡Φ(z)−1. The center c is outside Ω‾, so Φ and b are holomorphic and harmonic respectively on Ω. Moreover ∣Φ(z)∣=R/∣z−c∣<1 for z∈Ω, hence b<0, while b(z)→0 as z→ζ. On the compact set ∂Ω∖V, for any neighbourhood V of ζ, the continuous function Re⁡Φ−1 has a strictly negative maximum: equality could hold only when Φ=1, namely at z=ζ. Thus b is a global barrier and [L1] makes ζ regular.

1.2L1L2givenconstruct

In the exterior-cone case, after translation and rotation take ζ=0 and suppose that near 0 the domain lies in S={reit:0<r<r0, ∣t∣<θ},0<θ<π/2. Choose θ′ with θ<θ′<π/2, put λ=π/(2θ′), and use the branch of zλ on the larger sector ∣t∣<θ′. Then q(z)=−Re⁡(zλ) is harmonic and negative on Ω∩S, and tends to 0 at the origin. On a sufficiently small circle ∣z∣=ρ, the angular margin gives q(z)≤−ρλcos⁡(λθ)<0(z∈Ω∩∂D(0,ρ)). Thus [L2] globalizes q to a barrier, and [L1] gives regularity.

2.1step 1.1step 1.2∎

The two barrier constructions prove the two regularity criteria.

Depends on

Used by

Dependency tree · two levels

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Sources