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Integral pair data persist to Blanchfield bordisms through standard infection

Statement

Let V be a compact connected oriented topological four-manifold with boundary a chosen zero-longitude surgery M(J). Suppose H1(V;Z)≅Z,H2(V;Z)≅Z2r. Put π=π1(V) and Πs=π/π(s), where s≥0 and the superscript denotes the ordinary derived series. Supply classes x1,…,xr,y1,…,yr∈H2(V;Z[Πs]) satisfying λ(xi,xj)=0,λ(xi,yj)=δij. These are actual integral intersection-pair data; existence of such data is not asserted.

Form W by finitely many oriented attachments of standard connected-sum or infection cobordisms, allowing their orientation reversals, along each piece's marked outgoing surgery component. Use the supplied peripheral models in those constructions. Let ϕ:π1(W)→G be a supplied homomorphism to a PTFA group whose restriction to π1(V) factors through Πs. In particular the factorization is automatic if G(s)=1. Let k=Q or Fp for a prime p, put A=k[G], and let K be its fraction division ring with standard involution.

Then there are image classes ℓi,di∈H2(W;A) with λA(ℓi,ℓj)=0,λA(ℓi,dj)=λA(dj,ℓi)=δij, and both cokernel dimensions satisfy dim⁡Kcoker⁡{H2(∂W;K)→H2(W;K)}≤dim⁡kcoker⁡{H2(∂W;k)→H2(W;k)}≤2r. For every boundary component M0 with nontrivial restricted homomorphism, H1(M0;K)=0 and its Bockstein-duality pairing has B0(a,b)=0for all a,b∈ker⁡{H1(M0;A)→H1(W;A)}. Consequently every boundary class with nonzero self-pairing has nonzero image in H1(W;A). The theorem applies to locally flat topological bordisms as well as smooth ones and introduces no choice principle.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The actual integral homology and lifted pairing data, finite framed cobordism attachments, coefficient homomorphism and field in the Statement.

[F1]

Standard infection and connected-sum pieces have outgoing injections on ordinary H1,H2 and incoming degree-two surjectivity. A collared gluing with outgoing H1 injection and remaining-boundary H2 surjection induces a surjection on boundary homology cokernels. Ordinary homology of standard infection and connected-sum cobordisms, Boundary homology cokernels under bordism gluing

[F2]

Ambient unitary coefficients preserve intersection pairings under collared gluing, and the pairings are Hermitian. Equivariant intersections under collared bordism gluing, Hermitian symmetry of the relative equivariant intersection pairing

[F3]

A compact oriented four-manifold with boundary components of ordinary first Betti number one has localized boundary-cokernel dimension at most the ordinary one. A nontrivial PTFA coefficient system on a compact Betti-one manifold kills localized first homology. PTFA localized boundary intersection rank comparison, PTFA localized first homology of Betti-one manifolds vanishes

[F4]

Integral pairs and the localized cokernel bound force each selected acyclic boundary kernel to be isotropic for the Bockstein-duality form. Unimodular intersection pairs force boundary kernel isotropy

[F5]

Relative cap duality holds with arbitrary underlying abelian-group local systems. Constant rational localization is exact; compact manifold boundaries have collars without choice. Local coefficient Lefschetz duality without choice, Ore localization is flat and detects module torsion, Compact topological manifold boundaries admit collars

Proof

1.1F2F5givenconstructalgebra

The factorization supplies an involution-preserving ring homomorphism Z[Πs]→A, and hence maps of all actual coefficient chain systems on V. Cap, dual-system identification and evaluation commute with this change of coefficients. Explicitly a dual cochain f changes to c⊗a↦ρ(f(c))a; balancing and the finite face formulas show compatibility with coboundaries and cap. Both relative cap maps are isomorphisms by [F5], so their inverse duality maps commute too. Thus the image classes on V retain the displayed zero and unit pairings. The standard base vector 1 gives compatible transported Hermitian structures before and after change of ring. Hermitian symmetry [F2] supplies the reverse cross-pairing λA(dj,ℓi)=δij.

1.2F5givenconstructalgebra

The ordinary group H2(V;k) has dimension 2r. For k=Q this is exact rational localization of the integral singular complex, using [F5]. For k=Fp one can check the coefficient sequence directly without an infinite lifting assertion. Lift the finitely many coefficients of an Fp two-cycle z to an integral chain z~. Write ∂z~=pw; then w is an integral one-cycle and p[w]=0. Since H1(V;Z)=Z, w=∂v for some two-chain v, so z~−pv is an integral cycle lifting z. Conversely, if an integral two-cycle becomes a boundary mod p, lift that one finite bounding three-chain and subtract its boundary; the difference is p times an integral two-cycle, since integral chain groups have no p-torsion. Thus H2(V;Fp)≅H2(V;Z)/p=Fp2r. Its quotient by the boundary image therefore has dimension at most 2r.

2.1F1F2F5step 1.1step 1.2constructalgebra

Give V its collar from [F5] and use the actual product collars of the finite standard pieces. At each attachment the outgoing H1 injection and incoming H2 surjection of [F1] give a surjection from the preceding boundary cokernel to the new one. Its dimension cannot increase, so after finitely many attachments the ordinary cokernel is at most 2r. The single coefficient system on final W restricts to each intermediate manifold, and [F2] preserves every pair identity under inclusion. Thus the images ℓi,di in final W satisfy all pair identities in the Statement. Orientation reversal of a piece does not change its ordinary injection and surjection properties; the orientation on the embedded preceding manifold is unchanged, which is the orientation used in [F2]. All the resulting manifolds are compact and oriented with the actual remaining boundary components.

3.1F1F3step 2.1constructalgebra

Every remaining boundary component is a chosen zero-longitude surgery on a knot. Its ordinary first homology over k is k: in the exterior/filling Mayer–Vietoris sequence the preferred longitude maps to zero, the filling core identifies with the meridian, and that meridian remains the single free generator, exactly as in the peripheral calculation of [F1]. Hence [F3] applies to final W and gives the first cokernel inequality in the Statement. If the restriction to M0 is nontrivial, the second assertion of [F3] gives H1(M0;K)=0. Thus the finite pairs of step 2.1 and the localized dimension bound verify every hypothesis of [F4], with R=A and the standard involutive fraction ring K.

4.1F3F4step 1.1step 2.1step 3.1algebra

Apply [F4] to obtain B0(a,b)=0 for all classes in that inclusion kernel. If B0(a,a)≠0, the class a therefore cannot lie in the kernel, and its image in H1(W;A) is nonzero. This is the survival implication used for infection axes in the source bordism argument. Every isotropic submodule has zero self-pairings, so such a surviving class lies outside every isotropic submodule.

5.1F1F2F3F4F5step 1.1step 1.2step 2.1step 3.1step 4.1algebra∎

For actual integral s-solution data, these hypotheses are precisely its homology and lifted-pairing part; passage to a quotient target of derived length at most s factors because a homomorphism carries the ordinary derived series into the target derived series. Every coefficient lift in step 1.2 involved one finite chain; all other arguments used the supplied finite pair list and actual collared attachments. The proof therefore preserves smooth and topological scopes and introduces no choice axiom beyond none in these data.

Remarks

This theorem supplies the pairing and kernel-isotropy data once the actual initial bordism and attachments are given. Deriving that initial bordism from a topological concordance relation, the mixed-derived-series meridian maps, and the analytic signature constraints are separate requirements for the full Cha–Kim Theorems A and B.

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