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TheoremStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedverified 2026-10-22 (gpt-6.1-sol)
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Wave boundary data determine integrals along maximal geodesics shorter than T

Statement

Assume Countable Choice. Let (M,g) be a compact, connected, nonempty simple Riemannian background of dimension n≥2, with smooth boundary, let T>0, and let q1,q2∈Cc∞(M∘;R) be static interior potentials. Suppose the full time-dependent forward Dirichlet-to-Neumann maps for ∂t2−Δg+q1 and ∂t2−Δg+q2 agree for every smooth Dirichlet input compactly supported in (0,T)×∂M. Let γ:[0,L]→M be any unit-speed geodesic segment with γ(0),γ(L)∈∂M, γ((0,L))⊂M∘, directed inward at 0 and outward at L, and with length 0<L<T. Then ∫0L(q1−q2)(γ(s)) ds=0.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The two real static interior potentials on the stated simple manifold, equal full forward DN maps on all smooth time-compact inputs, and a maximal unit-speed ray of length L<T.

[F1]

Alessandrini identity for the time-dependent wave Dirichlet-to-Neumann maps gives the bilinear forward/terminal identity with outward classical traces.

[F2]

Finite-order geometric optics along a maximal ray in simple geometry gives exact smooth forward and terminal waves with time-compact smooth boundary traces, uniformly bounded approximate L2 norms, vanishing L2 correction errors, and the unweighted ray-product limit.

[F3]

Time-dependent Dirichlet-to-Neumann map for the wave equation specifies equality on the entire smooth time-compact boundary input space and the terminal map convention.

Proof

1.1F1F3givenalgebra

First use [F1] with both potentials equal to a single real q. Its left side is zero, so for every h,k in the boundary input space ∫ΣkΛq+h dSgdt=∫ΣhΛq−k dSgdt. This is a bilinear transposition identity and uses exactly the classical forward and terminal solutions, whose endpoint terms vanish. Therefore the right side of [F1] for q1,q2 equals ∫Σk(Λq1+−Λq2+)h dSgdt, which is zero under the assumed equality of forward maps. Hence ∫Q(q1−q2)uv dVgdt=0 for every admitted forward q1 wave and terminal q2 wave.

2.1F2step 1.1givenalgebra∎

Choose t0∈(0,T−L) and insert the exact waves of [F2] into step 1.1. Their boundary traces belong to the full input space for each λ, so the zero identity applies without a limit or density assumption on boundary data. The product convergence of [F2], with A(t,x)=q1(x)−q2(x), gives 0=lim⁡λ→∞∫Q(q1−q2)u1,λu2,λ dVgdt=∫0L(q1−q2)(γ(s)) ds. The test is legitimate either by [F2]'s closed-cylinder conclusion or by a temporal cutoff equal to one on all approximate packets; its omitted exact-product terms contain vanishing correction factors. Since the ray was arbitrary subject to L<T, every claimed ray integral is determined.

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