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Hartogs pseudoconvexity implies Levi pseudoconvexity for C2 domains

Statement

Let ΩCm be a domain with C2 boundary. If Ω is Hartogs pseudoconvex, then Ω is Levi pseudoconvex.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A domain ΩCm with C2 boundary.

[L1]
[L2]

The restriction of a plurisubharmonic function to an affine complex line is subharmonic or identically (Plurisubharmonic functions).

[L3]

Levi pseudoconvexity is the tangential Levi-form condition and is independent of the chosen defining function (Levi pseudoconvex domains, Levi pseudoconvexity does not depend on the defining function).

[L4]

A plane subharmonic function cannot exceed its finite boundary maximum on a disc unless it is constant (A plane subharmonic function with an interior maximum is constant on its component).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1

Suppose toward a contradiction that Ω is not Levi pseudoconvex at a boundary point p. Choose a defining function ρ and a complex tangent vector v with Lρ(p;v)<0. Translate p to 0, make a complex-linear change of coordinates sending v to the first coordinate direction and the real normal into the last coordinate, and normalize the last coordinate by subtracting the holomorphic pure-quadratic part of the Taylor expansion. After multiplying ρ by a positive constant, its restriction to the resulting (z1,zm)-plane has the form ρ(z1,0,,0,zm)=Rezmcz12+o(z12+zm2) for some c>0; subtracting that pure-quadratic part does not change the tangential Levi coefficient. Choose λ>0 and then s0>0 small enough that the remainder is dominated by the two displayed negative terms. The affine analytic discs Φs(ζ)=(λζ,0,,0,s)(ζ1) then lie in Ω for 0<ss0, their centres Φs(0) converge to p as s0, and K:=0ss0Φs(D) is compactly contained in Ω: on the boundary circles the term cλ2 stays uniformly negative even at s=0.

L3givenassume-contraconstructalgebra
2.1

By [L1], choose a continuous plurisubharmonic exhaustion u of Ω, and let M:=maxKu. For 0<ss0, the function uΦs is subharmonic on D by [L2] and continuous on its closure. Its boundary values are at most M, so [L4] gives u(Φs(0))M. Thus all the centres lie in the compact sublevel set {uM}Ω. But those centres converge to the boundary point p, contradicting compact containment. Therefore no negative tangential Levi direction exists, and [L3] makes Ω Levi pseudoconvex.

L1L2L3L4step 1.1discharge-contradiction

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