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Locally flat arcs in the four-dimensional product are unknotted
Statement
Let . Let be a locally flat proper embedding with endpoints and and with product collars at those endpoints. Then there is a continuous family of homeomorphisms , , such that is the identity, every preserves the two boundary levels and is the identity near them, and . If in addition on neighborhoods of and , the family can be chosen so that for every .
Statement references
Facts & Assumptions
Given: The locally flat proper arc and its endpoint product collars.
A locally flat proper parametrized arc in the standard product, smooth near its source endpoints, admits a relative ambient topological isotopy to a smooth parametrized arc, fixed near the two boundary levels. Its finite-chart proof uses explicitly presented controlled smooth embedding classes and inverse-controlled back-and-forth limits, without a choice axiom. Locally flat collared arcs admit relative ambient smoothing
A smooth proper arc in this product with endpoints and image equal to the vertical arc on endpoint product collars is ambiently smoothly isotopic, fixed near the boundary levels, to that vertical arc. With the standard source parametrization near the endpoints, its terminal parametrization is the standard one. Smooth collared arcs in the four-dimensional product are unknotted
Proof
Given: and the specified collars.
In those collars the image of is vertical, so write near zero and near one. Each is an increasing homeomorphism onto its height interval: it is continuous and injective, and the endpoint heights fix its orientation. Choose an increasing homeomorphism agreeing with the two inverse height functions near the endpoints and interpolate monotonically between them on the remaining middle interval. Then has the same image as and satisfies on neighborhoods of the source endpoints. In the additional parametrized case take . This changes only the parameter used to describe the input image.
Apply [F1] to , obtaining an ambient topological isotopy whose final arc is smoothly embedded. Since is fixed near the boundary levels, near its endpoints. Apply the parametrized clause of [F2] to , obtaining an ambient smooth isotopy fixed near the boundary levels and satisfying for every .
Concatenate for with for . They agree at the joining time. This is a continuous ambient family of homeomorphisms starting at the identity, fixed on a common neighborhood of the two boundary levels. Its terminal map sends the image of , and hence the image of , to . In the additional parametrized case , so it sends to for every . This proves both conclusions without an added choice hypothesis.
Parametrization convention
The general conclusion concerns the image of an arc. A boundary-fixed ambient isotopy cannot change a nonstandard source parametrization in its fixed endpoint neighborhood. For example, for an increasing homeomorphism not equal to the identity near an endpoint already has the required straight image, but cannot satisfy there if fixes that neighborhood. The extra endpoint parametrization hypothesis in the second clause is therefore necessary. The image-unknotting assertion is proved above, including the locally flat category.
Depends on
Used by
Dependency tree · two levels
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Sources
- J. L. Bryant, Piecewise Linear Topology (standard reference, not scraped)