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TheoremStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedjudge pass (gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-09-14
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Nagao decomposition for restriction to a centralizer

Statement

Assume the Axiom of Choice. Let (K,O,k) be a splitting p-modular system for a finite group G. Let B be a block of kG, let B^ denote its block-idempotent lift in OG, and let D be a p-subgroup such that DCG(D)≤H≤NG(D). If M is a finite-free OG-lattice with B^M=M, then there is an OH-decomposition Res⁡HGM=Mcorr⊕Merr with the following properties.

  1. Every indecomposable summand of Mcorr belongs to the lift c^ of a block c of kH satisfying cG=B.
  2. Every indecomposable summand of Merr has a vertex that does not contain D (indeed, no vertex of such a summand contains D).

Either displayed summand may be zero.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: AC and the system, groups, blocks, lift, and lattice in the Statement.

[F1]

Block idempotents have unique central lifts to integral group algebras (Block idempotents lift uniquely from kH to OH).

[F2]

Every finite-rank OH-lattice has a finite Krull--Schmidt decomposition, and an indecomposable has local endomorphism ring (Krull-Schmidt holds for finite-rank OH-lattices).

[F3]

Integral relative traces satisfy Higman's criterion, and a vertex of an indecomposable relatively R-projective lattice is contained in an H-conjugate of R (Integral Mackey decomposition and Higman's criterion for group lattices and Relative projectivity and vertices for integral group lattices).

[F4]

The center of a modular block is local (Block centre locality and trace ideal sums).

[F5]

Block induction is the unique restriction-summand block and exists under centralizer containment (A block induced from a subgroup and Centralizer containment makes block induction well-defined).

[F6]

A normal p-subgroup lies in every block defect group (Normal p core lies in every block defect group).

[F7]

AC is available (The Axiom of Choice) and discharges the inherited published contracts in F4–F6. All new sums and decompositions below are finite.

Proof

1.1F5F6F7

Since H≤NG(D), the group D is normal in H. Hence D≤Op(H), and F6 shows that every defect group Q of every block c of kH contains D. It follows that CG(Q)≤CG(D)≤H. Thus F5 defines cG for every block c of kH.

1.2F4F5

We record the block corner that controls an error component. Write b for the idempotent of the global block B, and let πH:kG→kH delete coefficients outside H. For a block c of kH, the maps kHc↪kG,a⟼cπH(a):kG⟶kHc split the identity H-double-coset copy of the block bimodule kHc. The corner of left multiplication by b on this copy is left multiplication by cπH(b). If that corner were a unit in End⁡H×H(kHc)=Z(kHc), normalizing the second map by its inverse would split kHc from the restriction of the global block kGb. By F5 this would imply cG=B. Therefore, when cG≠B, the element cπH(b) is a nonunit of the local algebra Z(kHc) and hence is nilpotent.

1.3givenalgebra

The coefficients of the central element B^ are constant on G-conjugacy classes, hence on H-conjugacy classes. The complement of H in G is H-conjugation invariant, so for suitable coefficients ax∈O and representatives x of its finitely many H-classes, B^−πH(B^)=∑x∈(G∖H)/H-conjaxTr⁡CH(x)H(x). Here the trace is for the conjugation action: its summands are exactly the elements of the H-class of x. Moreover, D≰CH(x), because the opposite containment would put x in CG(D)≤H.

2.1F1F2step 1.1

Let c^ denote the lift of c. The lifts are pairwise orthogonal and sum to 1: their products and the difference between their sum and 1 are central idempotents reducing respectively to 0 and 0, so F1's uniqueness forces those idempotents to vanish. Consequently M=⨁cc^M. Define Mcorr=⨁c: cG=Bc^M,Merr=⨁c: cG≠Bc^M. F2 decomposes each component into indecomposables, and the first asserted property follows directly from the definition.

2.2F1F2step 1.2

Let U be an indecomposable summand of c^M for a block c with cG≠B, and choose H-linear split maps i:U→M and r:M→U. Put E=End⁡OH(U), which is local by F2. Integral coefficient truncation πH:OG→OH commutes with reduction. Thus step 1.2 shows that the reduction of c^ πH(B^) is nilpotent. Some power of this element therefore belongs to mOH, where m is the maximal ideal of O. Since c^ acts as the identity on U and the central element πH(B^) commutes with the H-projection ir, it follows that s=r πH(B^)i∈E has a power in mE. Such a power cannot be a unit, so s is a nonunit and belongs to J(E).

3.1F2F3F7step 2.2step 1.3

The equality B^M=M and the H-linearity of i,r now give inside E 1U=s+∑x∈(G∖H)/H-conjTr⁡CH(x)H(axrxi). Indeed, axrxi is CH(x)-linear, and taking the H-linear corner commutes with each finite relative trace. The first term lies in J(E) by step 2.2. If every displayed trace term were a nonunit, their finite sum would also lie in the maximal ideal J(E), contradicting the equality. Hence one trace term is a unit. For β∈E and any CH(x)-endomorphism α of U, one has βTr⁡CH(x)H(α)=Tr⁡CH(x)H(βα) and Tr⁡CH(x)H(α)β=Tr⁡CH(x)H(αβ). Thus the image of this relative trace is a two-sided ideal of E; since it contains a unit, it contains 1U. Higman's criterion makes U relatively CH(x)-projective for the corresponding x.

4.1F3step 2.1step 1.3step 3.1∎

Let P be any vertex of U. F3 gives P≤hCH(x)h−1 for some h∈H. Were D≤P, normality of D in H would imply D=h−1Dh≤CH(x), contrary to step 1.3. Thus D≰P, proving the second property. If D=1, the hypotheses force H=G, so the outside-class sum is empty and all error components are zero; if M=0, both conclusions are vacuous. These also cover all boundary cases without an empty-sum inference.

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