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The controlled input-consistency circuit realizes the exact reflection

Statement

Assume the distinguished vector ∣start⟩ in the input decomposition is unit, as required by Controlled input-consistency reflection from a bit query. For every promised input x, that circuit realizes the control-first block operator diag⁡(IH,RΠx),RΠx=2Πx−I, where Πx projects onto the start vector and all query states whose response equals x_i. The controlled operation uses the plus-on-range sign, including on the distinguished start state.

The displayed consistency sum is an orthogonal projection. For arbitrary control/data superpositions, the supplied circuit restores its scratch qubit to zero, including the start mode protected by a ∣+⟩ scratch during both unconditional calls; no controlled unknown-oracle call is required.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The finite controlled consistency-reflection circuit and its projection Π_x.

[F21]

Finite Boolean query problem and error model for adversary bounds: each promised input x supplies the bit x_i at each address i.

[F22]

Standard bit-flip query convention: the XOR oracle toggles a response bit by x_i and is an involution.

[F23]

Clean and dirty ancillas: a clean scratch qubit is initialized to |0⟩ and must be returned to |0⟩.

[F24]

Projector Reflections Are Hermitian Unitary Involutions: R_Π=2Π-I is the unitary reflection acting +1 on ran Π and −1 on ker Π.

[F25]

Finite registers and their ordered computational bases: the d-level register is C^d with its standard coordinate pairing and ordered standard basis. The mode/address/response/work decomposition is supplied by the input of Controlled input-consistency reflection from a bit query.

Proof

1.1givenF25algebra

Let H=span{|start⟩}⊕(C^N⊗K⊗C²). The algorithm input requires |start⟩ to be unit and orthogonal to every query mode; hence |start⟩⟨start| is the orthogonal projection onto its span. It also labels the standard address basis by |i⟩=e_{i−1}, i∈[N]. Under the standard coordinate pairing in [F25], ⟨e_j,e_k⟩=Σ_rδ_{rj}δ_{rk}=δ_{jk}, so these address vectors and the response basis vectors are orthonormal. Therefore the query summands |i⟩⟨i|⊗I_K⊗|x_i⟩⟨x_i| are mutually orthogonal projections and are orthogonal to the start projection. Thus Π_x is an orthogonal projection.

2.1givenF21F22F23step 1.1algebra

Append a clean scratch bit u=0. In query mode, call O_x at address i to write u=x_i. In start mode route the oracle address to a fixed i_0∈[N] and apply H to u so the target is |+⟩; since X^{x_{i_0}}|+⟩=|+⟩, the unconditional oracle call leaves start unchanged. Apply a fixed phase −1 exactly when c=1, the mode is a query state, and z≠u; apply +1 on the start mode and when c=0. On query basis states this phase is +1 exactly when z=x_i, and −1 otherwise.

3.1givenF22F23F24step 1.1step 2.1algebra∎

Call O_x again at the same address to reset u to 0 in query mode, using O_x²=I from [F22]. In start mode the second call again fixes |+⟩, and the final controlled H returns u to |0⟩. For c=1 the induced operator on H is 2Π_x-I; for c=0 it is I. Thus this fixed circuit realizes controlled R_{Π_x} with the plus-on-range sign specified in [F24], without a controlled unknown-oracle call. By linearity the same control/data action holds for arbitrary superpositions with the scratch returned clean.

Depends on

Used by

Cited to discharge well-definedness by Controlled input-consistency reflection from a bit query.

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Sources