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PromiseP is contained in PromiseBPP and PromiseBPP in BQP
Statement
For promise problems in the QC14 model,
Facts & Assumptions
Given: A binary-string promise pair, a polynomial-time randomized machine when needed, and the exact Boolean-to-QC14 compiler. Prove that all random-tape, gate, generator, and output costs remain polynomial.
Promise problem: a PromiseP machine is correct on and and is unrestricted elsewhere.
PromiseBPP: one PTM with a fixed worst-case polynomial branch bound has acceptance probabilities at least on and at most on .
Probabilistic polynomial time machine interface: a bounded-time PTM on inputs of length can be represented by one uniform finite tape of polynomially many independent fair bits; unused suffixes are ignored.
Polynomial-time computations have logspace-uniform circuit families: a fixed deterministic polynomial-time computation has a polynomial-size logspace-uniform Boolean circuit family.
Indexed uniform circuits convert to polynomial-time full lists: its indexed family has a polynomial-time full-list generator.
Boolean circuits compile exactly into the QC14 gate alphabet: a complete Boolean circuit list can be reversibly compiled into an exact QC14 list in polynomial time and size.
BQP for promise problems in the fixed QC14 model: BQP uses the same QC14 family model and the acceptance thresholds.
Clifford+T gate library and exact matrices: ; ordered tensor maps act factorwise on the registers (Finite registers and their ordered computational bases, Ordered tensor registers, their inner product, and wire permutations).
The computational basis is orthonormal: the finite ordered computational basis is orthonormal.
Quantum acceptance probability for a finite promise computation and The partial-output acceptance law is a finite probability law: the designated target-bit outcome probability sums squared amplitudes over the unmeasured random and work registers.
Proof
If , run its deterministic decider as a PTM that ignores all random bits. Its acceptance probability is on and on , so it satisfies [F2]. Thus .
Now let be witnessed by a PTM . Choose a strictly increasing positive integer polynomial that bounds both its run time and the number of fair bits it can use on length- inputs. By [F3], using a uniform -bit string and ignoring its unused suffix preserves every acceptance probability.
For a binary word of length , define one deterministic polynomial-time machine as follows. Search for an with ; strict increase makes it unique if it exists. If none exists, output . If it exists, split with and , simulate on using as its fair random tape, and output its accept bit. The search and simulation take polynomial time in , since and is a fixed polynomial. Whenever a fixed multitape stage in this construction or its later composition runs for at most steps, a one-tape simulator stores its finitely many tape contents in aligned tracks of a finite product alphabet, with one head marker per tape. Each track uses at most cells, and a constant number of sweeps simulates each step in time. Put the binary output on a designated track starting at cell ; a final cleanup sweep replaces each product symbol by its output-track component, leaving the exact output word followed by blanks on the final tape. Thus the construction has a one-tape polynomial-time implementation whenever that convention is needed.
Apply [F4] to , then [F5] to emit the Boolean gate list at length . Compose this generator with the polynomial-time map . Apply [F6] to that list. In the resulting QC14 family on input , designate the next auxiliary wires as the random register, apply to each from its initial zero state, and then run the reversible compiler on the and random registers with a zero target and clean work. Starting from the compiled list with gates, prefix Hadamard records on wire indices , change the unary input-wire count to , and rewrite the self-delimiting gate count to ; retain the same total-wire count, target tuple and compiled gate records. The fixed composition of these list operations runs in polynomial time in because all intermediate Boolean and QC14 descriptions have polynomial length. The one-tape simulation described in step 2.1 therefore yields one fixed deterministic one-tape generator that leaves the complete QC14 description as its final tape word, as required for the full-list family.
By [F8]–[F9], the Hadamards prepare on the zero-initialized random register. For each basis , the reversible circuit writes exactly the bit into the target and returns its work to zero. Distinct values remain in orthogonal computational-basis states of the unmeasured random register. The one-tape generator from step 3.1 satisfies the full-list uniformity condition in [F7]. Therefore, by [F10], the target's acceptance probability is which is exactly the PTM acceptance probability in [F3]. Its YES and NO bounds in [F2] are the BQP bounds in [F7]. Hence .
For an ordinary language , use the total promise pair . Its BPP PTM satisfies the PromiseBPP definition [F2], so step 4.1 gives a BQP family for the language. Thus .
Depends on
- Promise problem
- PromiseBPP
- Rp corp zpp bpp and pp classes
- Probabilistic polynomial time machine interface
- BQP for promise problems in the fixed QC14 model
- Polynomial-time computations have logspace-uniform circuit families
- Indexed uniform circuits convert to polynomial-time full lists
- Boolean circuits compile exactly into the QC14 gate alphabet
- Clifford+T gate library and exact matrices
- Finite registers and their ordered computational bases
- Ordered tensor registers, their inner product, and wire permutations
- The computational basis is orthonormal
- Quantum acceptance probability for a finite promise computation
- The partial-output acceptance law is a finite probability law
Used by
Nothing in the library uses this result yet.
Dependency tree · two levels
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Sources
- John Watrous, Quantum Computational Complexity, Sections IV.1 and IV.3 (standard reference, not scraped)
- Ronald de Wolf, Quantum Computing: Lecture Notes, Chapter 13, Section 13.2 (standard reference, not scraped)