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TheoremStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedaudited 2026-09-22
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Relative consistency of BPI without Urysohn's lemma

Statement

If ZF is consistent, then ZF+BPI+failure of Urysohn’s lemma is consistent: there is a model of ZF in which the Boolean prime ideal principle holds (The Boolean prime ideal principle) and some normal space has two disjoint closed sets admitting no continuous separation (Normal spaces and T4 spaces, with the source disagreement over whether normality includes T1 stated explicitly).

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The rational-ordered finite-support Läuchli model, its continuum, and the assumed consistency of ZF.

[F1]

In the rational-ordered finite-support model the stabilisers of finite atom sets are extremely amenable, because they are finite products of copies of Aut(Q,<) (Finite stabilizers in Aut(Q,<) are extremely amenable, Brunner's ordered Läuchli permutation models).

[F2]

Extreme amenability of the finite stabilisers yields BPI in the finite-support permutation model (Extreme amenability yields BPI in finite-support permutation models).

[F3]

The same model contains the ordered continuum with every continuous real-valued function constant, hence a normal space violating Urysohn's lemma (Brunner's models satisfy the required choice and Urysohn obstructions), and that failure is certified with an absolute bound (The Läuchli Urysohn obstruction is injectively boundable).

[F4]

Pincus transfer with the exceptional clauses permits BPI to be conjoined with the certified sentence (Pincus transfer for BPI and injectively boundable conjunctions). The verified constructible-universe reduction gives Con(ZF)Con(ZFC+GCH) (Formal consistency of ZFC plus GCH relative to ZF), and countable first-order completeness supplies a model of that theory without any transitivity or well-foundedness conclusion (Completeness for explicitly countable set languages).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1

Assume Con(ZF). By [F4] obtain a possibly externally ill-founded model M of ZFC+GCH. All constructions in the next steps are interpreted internally in M.

givenF4
2.1

Inside M, let A={0,q:qQM}, ordered by the rational order of M, and represent sets by tagged objects 1,S. Define the tagged ZFA hierarchy by X0=A, Xα+1=A{1,S:SXα} and unions at limits, and put u1,S exactly when uS. Interpreted inside M, this is a model of ZFA+AC: the usual tagged constructions give Extensionality, Pairing, Union and Power Set; translated Separation and Replacement are instances in M (Collection bounds the construction ranks of Replacement images); minimal construction rank gives Foundation; the tagged copy of ωM gives Infinity; and an M-well-order of every underlying member set gives the tagged choice function. This internal tagged construction does not require M to be externally transitive.

step 1.1
3.1

In this ZFA+AC interpretation form the rational-ordered finite-support Läuchli model of [F1]. The automorphism group and all finite stabilisers are the objects computed internally by M. Thus [F1] gives their internal extreme amenability, and the arbitrary-ground formulation [F2] gives BPI in the hereditarily symmetric interpretation.

step 2.1F1F2
4.1

By [F3] the same interpretation contains the certified Urysohn obstruction, so BPI and that certified sentence hold together there.

step 3.1F3
5.1

By [F4], the conjunction of BPI with the certified sentence transfers to an atom-free model of ZF. Therefore Con(ZF)Con(ZF+BPI+¬URY). This is an external relative-consistency construction. The model supplied by completeness need not be transitive; the internal tagged interpretation and the arbitrary-ground BPI theorem are precisely what makes the construction apply. No unprovided uniform proof-code reduction for the subsequent permutation and Pincus constructions is asserted.

step 1.1step 2.1step 3.1step 4.1F4

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