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Right adjoints preserve every limit that exists

Statement

Let F:CD be left adjoint to G:DC. If a diagram D:JD has a limit (L,λ), then (GL,Gλ) is a limit of GD. Thus G preserves every limit that exists, for arbitrary indexing categories for which the displayed diagram and cone categories are legitimate.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: An adjunction FG with unit η and counit ε, a diagram D:JD, and a limiting cone λj:LDj.

[F1]

A limit of a diagram is a terminal cone: every cone has a unique mediating morphism to its vertex whose composites with the limiting legs are the given cone legs (Limits and colimits as terminal cones and initial cocones, with existence and uniqueness in their universal properties).

[F2]

A functor preserves a limit when the image of a limiting cone is limiting (Preservation, reflection, and creation of limits and colimits; continuous and cocontinuous functors).

[L1]

The unit and counit are natural and satisfy εFcF(ηc)=1Fc and G(εd)ηGd=1Gd (Adjunction by unit, counit, and the triangle identities).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1

Let μj:cGDj be any cone over GD, and define μˉj:=εDjF(μj):FcDj.

L1construct
2.1

For a:jk in J, naturality of ε and the cone equation for μ give D(a)μˉj=εDkFGD(a)F(μj)=εDkF(GD(a)μj)=μˉk, so μˉ is a cone over D.

step 1.1L1
3.1

By [F1], there is a unique h:FcL with λjh=μˉj for every j. Define h^:=G(h)ηc:cGL.

step 2.1F1construct
4.1

For each j, G(λj)h^=G(μˉj)ηc=G(εDj)GF(μj)ηc=G(εDj)ηGDjμj=μj, by naturality of η and the second triangle identity.

step 1.1step 3.1L1
4.2

If k:cGL also satisfies G(λj)k=μj, then εLF(k):FcL mediates μˉ by naturality of ε. Uniqueness in [F1] makes it h, and naturality of η together with the second triangle identity G(εL)ηGL=1GL give k=G(εL)GF(k)ηc=G(εL)ηGLk, that is k=G(h)ηc=h^.

step 1.1step 3.1F1L1
5.1

Thus every cone over GD factors uniquely through (GL,Gλ), so it is limiting by [F1]. The construction also covers the empty diagram, where there are no leg equations, and [F2] says exactly that G preserves the limit.

step 4.1step 4.2F1F2

Depends on

Used by

Dependency tree · next 3 levels

Direct dependencies and their dependencies through the next three levels: 17 results over 9 levels. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, and this result sits at the bottom with a heavier outline. Click the chart to enlarge it.

Sources