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Small nonzero element in a number-field ideal

Statement

Assume the Axiom of Choice (The Axiom of Choice). Let K be a number field of degree n=[K:Q] and signature (r1,r2), and let a⊆OK be a nonzero integral ideal with absolute norm Na. Then there is 0≠α∈a with

∣NK/Q(α)∣  ≤  (4π)r2n!nn∣dK∣⋅Na.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A number field K of degree n and signature (r1,r2), so n=r1+2r2, with ring of integers OK and nonzero integral ideal a⊆OK of absolute norm Na (Unscaled Minkowski embedding).

[F1]

Minkowski convex-body theorem at equality: under the Axiom of Choice, if C⊆Rn is compact, convex and centrally symmetric and vol⁡(C)≥2ncovol⁡(Λ) for a full lattice Λ, then C contains a nonzero point of Λ (Minkowski convex-body theorem at equality, Full Euclidean lattice and covolume).

[F2]

For t>0 the set Xt={(x,z)∈Rr1×Cr2:∑i∣xi∣+2∑j∣zj∣≤t} is compact, convex and centrally symmetric, has vol⁡(Xt)=2r1(π/2)r2tn/n!, and every point of Xt satisfies ∏i∣xi∣∏j∣zj∣2≤(t/n)n (Archimedean product region, volume and norm bound).

[F3]

For a nonzero integral ideal a the image σ(a) under the unscaled Minkowski embedding is a full lattice in Rn with covol⁡(σ(a))=2−r2∣dK∣⋅Na (Number-field integer rings and ideals are full lattices, Covolume of an integral ideal lattice).

[F4]

For 0≠α∈K the norm is NK/Q(α)=∏i=1r1σi(α)∏j=1r2τj(α)τˉj(α), so ∣NK/Q(α)∣=∏i∣σi(α)∣∏j∣τj(α)∣2 (Norm and trace from embeddings, with the inseparable exponent in the norm formula).

Proof

1.1F2given

Put t:=(n! (4/π)r2∣dK∣ Na)1/n>0, a positive real number, and let Xt be the region of [F2].

2.1F2step 1.1

By [F2] the set Xt is compact, convex and centrally symmetric.

2.2F2F3step 1.1algebra

By [F2] and [F3], vol⁡(Xt)=2r1(π/2)r2tn/n!=2r1(π/2)r2(4/π)r2∣dK∣Na=2r12r2∣dK∣Na=2n 2−r2∣dK∣Na=2ncovol⁡(σ(a)), using n=r1+2r2.

3.1F1F3step 2.1step 2.2

Applying [F1] to the compact convex centrally symmetric set Xt and the full lattice Λ=σ(a) of positive covolume, whose volume equals 2ncovol⁡(Λ) by step 2.2, gives a nonzero α∈a with σ(α)∈Xt.

4.1F2F4step 3.1

Since σ(α)∈Xt, the product bound of [F2] reads ∏i∣σi(α)∣∏j∣τj(α)∣2≤(t/n)n, and by [F4] the left side is ∣NK/Q(α)∣.

5.1step 1.1step 4.1algebra∎

Therefore ∣NK/Q(α)∣≤(t/n)n=n!(4/π)r2∣dK∣Nann=(4π)r2n!nn∣dK∣ Na, and 0≠α∈a.

Remarks

The choice of t makes the volume of Xt exactly 2n times the covolume, which is why the equality form of Minkowski's theorem is needed and produces the constant ∣dK∣ rather than a strict inequality. The factor (4/π)r2 is the ratio between the volume of the ℓ1⊕ℓ2 region of [F2] and the covariantly normalized volume, and it carries the unscaled real/imaginary convention. Passing to a fractional ideal requires multiplying by a denominator first, as recorded on the covolume theorem.

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