Alphabeta Math
TheoremStatement: AI-adaptedProof: AI-generatedverified 2026-09-26 (gpt-6-sol)
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Under choice, a space is metrizable if and only if it is paracompact, Hausdorff, and locally metrizable

Statement

Assume the Axiom of Choice. A space is metrizable if and only if it is paracompact, Hausdorff, and locally metrizable.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The Axiom of Choice (The Axiom of Choice) and a topological space X.

[L1]

Under choice, every metric space is paracompact and has a σ-locally-finite basis (Stone's theorem, under choice: every metric space is paracompact, Under choice, every metric space has a σ-locally-finite basis).

[L2]

A paracompact Hausdorff space is regular, and Nagata–Smirnov applies to a regular T1 space with a σ-locally-finite basis (Every paracompact Hausdorff space is regular, Under choice, a space is metrizable if and only if it is regular, T1, and has a σ-locally-finite basis).

[L3]

Under choice, an open cover of a paracompact Hausdorff space has a locally finite open shrinking {Ws} with Ws‾⊆Us for assigned members Us of the original cover (Under choice, every open cover of a paracompact Hausdorff space has locally finite open refinements {Vs} and {Ws} with Vs‾⊆Ws⊆Ws‾⊆Us).

Proof

technique · cases
1.1assume-case forwardL1

If X is metrizable, it is Hausdorff and locally metrizable by taking X itself as the open neighbourhood, and it is paracompact by [L1].

1.2assume-case reverseL1L3choose

Conversely, local metrizability gives an open cover U by metrizable subspaces. Apply [L3] to obtain a locally finite open cover {Ws:s∈S} and assigned Us∈U with Ws‾⊆Us. Under choice, fix for each Us a σ-locally-finite relative open basis ⋃n<ωBs,n by [L1].

2.1step 1.2algebra

For each n, put Cn={B∩Ws:s∈S, B∈Bs,n}. Each member is open in X, because Us and Ws are open. The family Cn is locally finite at every x∈X: first choose a neighborhood meeting only finitely many Ws; for each such s, if x∈Us, relative local finiteness of Bs,n supplies an ambient neighborhood meeting only finitely many of its members. If x∉Us, then x∉Ws‾, so an ambient neighborhood of x misses Ws entirely. Intersect the finitely many chosen neighborhoods.

3.1step 1.2step 2.1

The union ⋃nCn is a basis of X: if x∈O with O open, choose s with x∈Ws, then choose a relative basis member B∈Bs,n with x∈B⊆O∩Us. The open set B∩Ws contains x and lies in O. Thus X has a σ-locally-finite basis.

4.1L2step 1.1step 3.1cases-exhaustive∎

Hausdorffness implies T1, and [L2] makes X regular; applying Nagata–Smirnov in [L2] to the basis from step 3.1 yields a metric. Together with step 1.1 this proves the equivalence.

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