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Under choice, a space is metrizable if and only if it is paracompact, Hausdorff, and locally metrizable
Statement
Assume the Axiom of Choice. A space is metrizable if and only if it is paracompact, Hausdorff, and locally metrizable.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: The Axiom of Choice (The Axiom of Choice) and a topological space .
Under choice, every metric space is paracompact and has a -locally-finite basis (Stone's theorem, under choice: every metric space is paracompact, Under choice, every metric space has a -locally-finite basis).
A paracompact Hausdorff space is regular, and Nagata–Smirnov applies to a regular space with a -locally-finite basis (Every paracompact Hausdorff space is regular, Under choice, a space is metrizable if and only if it is regular, , and has a -locally-finite basis).
Under choice, an open cover of a paracompact Hausdorff space has a locally finite open shrinking with for assigned members of the original cover (Under choice, every open cover of a paracompact Hausdorff space has locally finite open refinements and with ).
Proof
If is metrizable, it is Hausdorff and locally metrizable by taking itself as the open neighbourhood, and it is paracompact by [L1].
Conversely, local metrizability gives an open cover by metrizable subspaces. Apply [L3] to obtain a locally finite open cover and assigned with . Under choice, fix for each a -locally-finite relative open basis by [L1].
For each , put . Each member is open in , because and are open. The family is locally finite at every : first choose a neighborhood meeting only finitely many ; for each such , if , relative local finiteness of supplies an ambient neighborhood meeting only finitely many of its members. If , then , so an ambient neighborhood of misses entirely. Intersect the finitely many chosen neighborhoods.
The union is a basis of : if with open, choose with , then choose a relative basis member with . The open set contains and lies in . Thus has a -locally-finite basis.
Hausdorffness implies , and [L2] makes regular; applying Nagata–Smirnov in [L2] to the basis from step 3.1 yields a metric. Together with step 1.1 this proves the equivalence.
Depends on
- The Axiom of Choice
- A locally metrizable space: every point has a metrizable open neighbourhood
- Under choice, every open cover of a paracompact Hausdorff space has locally finite open refinements $\{V_s\}$ and $\{W_s\}$ with $\overline{V_s}\subseteq W_s\subseteq\overline{W_s}\subseteq U_s$
- Under choice, every metric space has a $\sigma$-locally-finite basis
- Under choice, a space is metrizable if and only if it is regular, $T_1$, and has a $\sigma$-locally-finite basis
- Stone's theorem, under choice: every metric space is paracompact
- Every paracompact Hausdorff space is regular
- Paracompactness: every open cover has a locally finite open refinement, with no separation axiom built into the word
- Hausdorff space: distinct points have disjoint open neighbourhoods; every metrizable space is Hausdorff and the indiscrete topology on two points is not
Used by
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Dependency tree · two levels
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Sources
- UCR, Partitions of Unity and a Metrization Theorem of Smirnov (standard reference, not scraped)