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TheoremStatement: AI-adaptedProof: AI-generatedprecheck passverified 2026-09-23 (gpt-6-sol)
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The pullback fibre product is a smooth vector bundle

Statement

If π:E→M is a smooth rank-r vector bundle and f:N→M is smooth, then the fibre product f∗E is a smooth rank-r vector bundle over N.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A smooth rank-r vector bundle π:E→M and a smooth map f:N→M.

[L1]

A vector bundle chart on E over U⊆M is a diffeomorphism E∣U≅U×Rr with transition functions of the form (p,v)↦(p,gβα(p)v) (Vector bundle charts and transition functions).

[L2]

The restriction E∣U is the same total space over the smaller open base (Restrictions of vector bundles).

[L3]

Products of smooth manifolds have the product topology and smooth structure (Products of smooth manifolds have a canonical product smooth structure). Hausdorffness and second countability pass to subspaces (T0, T1, and Hausdorffness are hereditary, Second countability is hereditary).

[L4]

A smooth fibre bundle has a smooth manifold total space, a smooth surjective projection, and smooth local trivializations (Smooth fibre bundles and local trivializations).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1L1L2L3givenconstruct

Give f∗E={(q,e)∈N×E:f(q)=π(e)} the subspace topology from the product manifold N×E of [L3]. It is Hausdorff and second countable by [L3]. For a bundle chart Φα:E∣Uα→Uα×Rr, put Vα=f−1(Uα), an open subset of N. The pullback over Vα is open in f∗E because it is the intersection with Vα×E.

2.1L1L2L3step 1.1

For (q,e) over Vα, define Φ~α(q,e)=(q,v) when Φα(e)=(f(q),v). Its inverse is explicitly (q,v)↦(q,Φα−1(f(q),v)). The forward map is continuous as the restriction of the product of the identity on N with pr⁡2∘Φα; the inverse is continuous because q↦f(q) and Φα−1 are continuous. Thus Φ~α is a homeomorphism onto the open product manifold Vα×Rr. These homeomorphisms cover f∗E.

3.1L1L3L4step 1.1step 2.1∎

On overlaps, Φ~β∘Φ~α−1(q,v)=(q,gβα(f(q))v). This is smooth because gβα and f are smooth, and it is linear in each fibre coordinate. Combine the homeomorphisms of step 2.1 with product charts on Vα×Rr; their smooth overlap maps give a smooth atlas on the already Hausdorff second-countable space f∗E. In these charts the projection (q,e)↦q is the first projection, hence smooth and surjective, and each fibre is linearly identified with Ef(q)≅Rr. Consequently [L4] gives a smooth rank-r vector bundle over N. Empty bases and rank zero obey the same construction.

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