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Constant-density limiting center loses regularity

Statement refuted

For a fixed energy density ϵ0>0, vary the radius R>0 in the regular constant-density branch of Exact regular constant-density solution with verified matching, with u=8πGϵ0R2/(3c4)∈(0,8/9). The claim that this fixed-density family extends to u=8/9 with finite central pressure and a positive central lapse is false.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The central pressure and lapse formulas of Exact regular constant-density solution with verified matching, with ϵ0>0 fixed and ZF+ACω as in The Axiom of Countable Choice (ACω).

[F1]

On the branch 0<u<8/9, a=1−u>1/3, pc=ϵ0(1−a)/(3a−1), and eϕ(0)=(3a−1)/2 (Exact regular constant-density solution with verified matching).

[F2]

The sequence 1/(k+1) indexed by k∈N tends to zero, with its positive terms explicitly identified (Reciprocals of the positive integers decrease to zero).

[F3]

Rational numbers are dense in R; in particular every interval (0,η) with real η>0 contains a positive rational, by clause 1 of Both Q and R∖Q are dense in R, and every nonempty open subset of R is uncountable.

[A1]

The geometric supplier chain uses exactly ACω as defined in The Axiom of Countable Choice (ACω), with no full Axiom of Choice.

Counterexample

1.1givenA1F1F2F3constructalgebra

Fix ρ0=ϵ0/c2>0. For integers n≥2, set un=8/9−1/n and Rn=c23un/(8πGϵ0)>0. With Mn=4πρ0Rn3/3, direct substitution gives 2GMn/(c2Rn)=8πGϵ0Rn2/(3c4)=un∈(0,8/9). Thus each (ρ0,Rn) supplies an admissible regular star of [F1], rather than varying u at fixed radius. By [F2], after reindexing k=n−1, 1/n=1/(k+1)→0. Set an=1−un=1/9+1/n>1/3; then 0<an−13=1/nan+1/3≤32n, For any real η>0, [F3] gives rational q with 0<q<2η/3. By [F2], eventually 1/n<q, so ∣an−1/3∣≤3/(2n)<3q/2<η. This proves an→1/3 directly from the convergence definition, including all rational positive error thresholds.

2.1A1F1F2F3step 1.1algebra∎

For n≥9, step 1.1 gives an≤1/2, so ϵ0(1−an)≥ϵ0/2 and 0<3an−1≤9/(2n). Hence pc(un)≥ϵ0n/9. Given M>0, apply [F3] to (0,ϵ0/(9M)) to choose a rational q>0 with q<ϵ0/(9M); by [F2], for all sufficiently large n, 1/n<q, so pc(un)>M. Also 0<eϕ(0)(un)=(3an−1)/2≤9/(4n); for any η>0, apply [F3] to (0,4η/9) to choose rational q>0 with q<4η/9 and apply [F2] to get eϕ(0)(un)<η eventually. Thus the central pressure diverges to +∞ and the central lapse tends to zero. At u=8/9 the denominator is exactly zero with positive numerator, so no finite central pressure or positive central lapse is obtained by extending these formulas.

Remarks

This refutes endpoint regularity for this explicit family only. It is not a proof of a compactness bound for other density profiles.

Depends on

Dependency tree · 2 levels

Sources