How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
Scalar symmetry factors and decay coefficient units
Statement
Assume Countable Choice, The Axiom of Countable Choice (), as required by the phase-space and coefficient-map suppliers used below.
Let be a scalar rest energy in joules, and let be the incoming and outgoing scattering vectors on the positive -shell of Two-body phase-space and formal coefficient data, so each satisfies . Require and , with as in QFT example units, metric, gauge, and pairing conventions. Evaluate the coefficient map in a center-of-momentum frame as defined in Complete two-body phase space and coefficient flux map. For one scalar initial label of weight and one specified final channel, take the dimensionless real quartic tree amplitude . The coefficient map of Complete two-body phase space and coefficient flux map gives for identical final scalars integrated over the full labeled sphere. For distinguishable final scalars the two coefficients are twice these values.
For a parent at rest, with energy , decaying through a specified single channel to two identical scalars on the positive -shell whose total four-vector is , under a constant amplitude in joules, the rate coefficient is This result concerns the defined formal coefficients. It does not assert an exact exponential survival law.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: Assume Countable Choice and the shell, phase-space, flux, symmetry-factor, and coefficient-map conventions of Complete two-body phase space and coefficient flux map. For scattering, take on the positive -shell with and ; use one initial scalar label with weight , one specified final channel, the displayed constant amplitude, and the center-of-momentum evaluation of the coefficient map from Complete two-body phase space and coefficient flux map. For decay, use with , positive--shell daughters whose total is , the specified single channel, and constant .
Countable Choice The Axiom of Countable Choice () is assumed; no stronger choice axiom is used.
Complete two-body phase space and coefficient flux map: finite-label Borel amplitudes with normalized initial weights, the coefficient maps for , for identical final particles and for distinguishable ones, and the single-channel decay map.
Proof
Under [A1], the phase-space and coefficient-map suppliers apply. Since all four scattering vectors lie on the stated positive -shell and have common total , the equal-mass center-of-momentum formulas in [F1] give , where . The flux is by [F1], so the coefficient map is defined. Its distinguishable differential coefficient for the constant amplitude has density ; the factor in cancels the incoming .
The full labeled sphere counts the two identical final scalars twice, so [F1]'s divides the differential coefficient by two. Integrating the constant density over area gives . For distinguishable species , so both coefficients are twice as large.
For the parent decay, the equal-daughter phase-space integral is with . The rate map in [F1] divides by and by , giving . Its units are . The definition is a rate coefficient only; no time-dependent survival law was assumed.