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Scalar symmetry factors and decay coefficient units

Statement

Assume Countable Choice, ACω The Axiom of Countable Choice (ACω), as required by the phase-space and coefficient-map suppliers used below.

Let m≥0 be a scalar rest energy in joules, and let p1,p2,k1,k2 be the incoming and outgoing scattering vectors on the positive m-shell of Two-body phase-space and formal coefficient data, so each (E,q) satisfies E=∣q∣2+m2>0. Require p1+p2=k1+k2=P and s=h(P,P)>4m2, with h as in QFT example units, metric, gauge, and pairing conventions. Evaluate the coefficient map in a center-of-momentum frame ΛP=(s,0) as defined in Complete two-body phase space and coefficient flux map. For one scalar initial label of weight 1 and one specified final channel, take the dimensionless real quartic tree amplitude A=−λ. The coefficient map of Complete two-body phase space and coefficient flux map gives dσcoeffdΩ=λ2(ℏc)2128π2s,σcoeff=λ2(ℏc)232πs for identical final scalars integrated over the full labeled sphere. For distinguishable final scalars the two coefficients are twice these values.

For a parent at rest, P0=(M0,0) with energy M0>2m, decaying through a specified single channel to two identical scalars on the positive m-shell whose total four-vector is P0, under a constant amplitude GE in joules, the rate coefficient is Γcoeff=∣GE∣232πℏM01−4m2M02. This result concerns the defined formal coefficients. It does not assert an exact exponential survival law.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: Assume Countable Choice and the shell, phase-space, flux, symmetry-factor, and coefficient-map conventions of Complete two-body phase space and coefficient flux map. For scattering, take p1,p2,k1,k2 on the positive m-shell with p1+p2=k1+k2=P and h(P,P)=s>4m2; use one initial scalar label with weight 1, one specified final channel, the displayed constant amplitude, and the center-of-momentum evaluation of the coefficient map from Complete two-body phase space and coefficient flux map. For decay, use P0=(M0,0) with M0>2m, positive-m-shell daughters whose total is P0, the specified single channel, and constant GE.

[A1]

Countable Choice ACω The Axiom of Countable Choice (ACω) is assumed; no stronger choice axiom is used.

[F1]

Complete two-body phase space and coefficient flux map: finite-label Borel amplitudes with normalized initial weights, the coefficient maps for F>0, Sf=2 for identical final particles and Sf=1 for distinguishable ones, and the single-channel decay map.

Proof

1.1givenA1F1algebra

Under [A1], the phase-space and coefficient-map suppliers apply. Since all four scattering vectors lie on the stated positive m-shell and have common total P, the equal-mass center-of-momentum formulas in [F1] give p∗=k∗=sβ/2, where β=1−4m2/s>0. The flux is 2sβ>0 by [F1], so the coefficient map is defined. Its distinguishable differential coefficient for the constant amplitude has density (ℏc)2λ2/(64π2s); the factor β in dΦ2/dΩ cancels the incoming β.

2.1step 1.1F1algebra

The full labeled sphere counts the two identical final scalars twice, so [F1]'s Sf=2 divides the differential coefficient by two. Integrating the constant density over area 4π gives λ2(ℏc)2/(32πs). For distinguishable species Sf=1, so both coefficients are twice as large.

3.1F1algebra∎

For the parent decay, the equal-daughter phase-space integral is β0/(8π) with β0=1−4m2/M02. The rate map in [F1] divides by 2ℏM0 and by Sf=2, giving ∣GE∣2β0/(32πℏM0). Its units are J2/(J s J)=s−1. The definition is a rate coefficient only; no time-dependent survival law was assumed.

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