How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
Chern classes from the projective-bundle relation
Definition
Assume AC. Let be a numerable complex rank- bundle with over a path-connected CW complex (or over one of the CW-type bases of Integral complex projective bundle theorem). By that theorem there are unique classes , , such that where is the Euler class of the underlying real bundle of the tautological line (Complex projective bundle and tautological complex line). The Chern classes of are these coefficients: completed by the conventions and for , and the total Chern class is the finite sum .
For the zero bundle of rank the conventions give . The definition depends only on the isomorphism class of , because an isomorphism of bundles induces an isomorphism of projective bundles pulling back to and hence preserves the unique relation. For a complex line bundle one has over with corresponding to under that identification, so the relation is ; since under the identification, this gives This is the normalization used throughout the page: the first Chern class of a complex line is the Euler class of its underlying real bundle in the complex orientation, not a separately chosen normalization.