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  • Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
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The coordinate connection of the flat chart is metric-selected

Example

Let (M,A) be the flat Lorentzian four-manifold of The constant Minkowski metric as a smooth time-oriented Lorentzian manifold with the global chart x=(x0,x1,x2,x3), and write X=∑aXa∂a, Y=∑bYb∂b for smooth vector fields. Define

∇XY:=∑bX(Yb) ∂b.

Then ∇ is an affine connection on M; its Christoffel symbols in the global chart all vanish; and ∇ is a metric-selected connection for (M,A) in the sense of Metric compatibility, torsion freedom and the metric-selected connection class, that is, it is torsion-free and A-compatible. This exhibits a nonempty LC⁡(M,A); the example claims no uniqueness of the element.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The flat Lorentzian four-manifold (M,A) with global chart x, the operator ∇XY=∑bX(Yb)∂b on smooth fields, and the vanishing-coefficient data Γcab=0.

[L1]

An affine connection is R-bilinear, function-linear in the first argument, and satisfies ∇X(fY)=X(f)Y+f∇XY (Affine connection on a smooth manifold).

[L2]

The Christoffel symbols in a chart are the unique smooth functions with ∇∂b∂c=∑aΓabc∂a (Christoffel symbols of an affine connection).

[L3]

A connection is torsion-free if and only if its Christoffel symbols are symmetric in every chart, and A-compatible if and only if ∂agbc=∑d(Γdabgdc+Γdacgbd) in every chart (Torsion freedom and metric compatibility in chart components).

[L4]

A connection is metric-selected when it is both torsion-free and compatible with the metric (Metric compatibility, torsion freedom and the metric-selected connection class).

[L5]

A vector field is smooth exactly when its component functions in a smooth chart are smooth; in particular a smooth vector field has smooth component functions in the global chart (A smooth vector field is a smooth section of the tangent bundle, Smoothness of a vector field is equivalent to smooth coordinate components).

Verification

technique · direct
1.1L1L5algebra

The operator ∇ is well defined on smooth fields because the component functions Yb of [L5] are smooth so X(Yb) is a smooth function. It is additive and R-linear in Y because the components do and X is R-linear; it is function-linear in X because (fX)(Yb)=fX(Yb); and ∇X(fY)=∑bX(fYb)∂b=∑b(X(f)Yb+fX(Yb))∂b=X(f)Y+f∇XY. Hence ∇ is an affine connection by [L1].

2.1step 1.1L2

For the coordinate fields, Y=∂b has constant components Yc=δcb, so X(Yc)=0 and the definition of step 1.1 gives ∇∂a∂b=0. By [L2] the Christoffel symbols of ∇ in the global chart are Γcab=0.

3.1step 2.1L3L4∎

The metric components Aab=diag⁡(−1,1,1,1)ab are constant, so ∂aAbc=0; the compatibility identity of [L3] reads 0=0+0 and holds, and the symmetry identity Γcab=Γcba reads 0=0 and holds. By [L3] the connection is torsion-free and A-compatible, hence metric-selected by [L4].

Remarks

Choice convention. The smooth vector fields of this example are the tangent-bundle sections of A smooth vector field is a smooth section of the tangent bundle, whose canonical smooth structure on TM assumes the axiom ACω of The Axiom of Countable Choice (ACω); this example inherits that assumption and uses no further choice principle.

Depends on

Dependency tree · 2 levels

Sources