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Boundary small-energy gradient control along a compact totally real submanifold
Statement
Assume Countable Choice. Let be a compact smooth manifold without boundary, with a background Riemannian metric , and let be a compact embedded submanifold without boundary of half its real dimension. Let be a smooth uniformly bounded family of almost complex structures for parameters in a neighborhood of a closed upper half-disk. Suppose for , independently of , where .
There is a smooth Riemannian metric on , depending only on , such that is orthogonal and is perpendicular to along . For this metric there are constants depending only on the geometric data and uniform family bounds with the following property. If and a smooth map solves , maps the flat edge into , and satisfies , then where . Uniformly equivalent estimates with constants depending on the data hold for . No assumption that the whole image lies in one coordinate chart is made.
Statement references
Facts & Assumptions
Given: Countable Choice, the compact target and submanifold, background metric, boundary structure, family, and smooth map in the statement.
For any fixed smooth target metric, uniformly bounded almost complex data give constants with for actual smooth solutions, by Interior small-energy gradient control for almost complex maps.
A nonnegative density on a half-disk satisfying and has if , , and , by A half-disk small-energy estimate with a nonlinear normal derivative bound. Its proof retains the exact reflected boundary measure and establishes the weighted maximum bound used below.
Proof
Along the direct sum is smooth, by the dimension and total-reality assumptions. Write vectors uniquely as with , and put This is a smooth positive definite form, and shows that it is orthogonal and that the two summands are perpendicular. Extend this form to a global smooth metric as follows. In adapted submanifold charts, extend its matrix coefficients constantly in the normal coordinates, shrinking each chart to keep positivity. Choose finitely many smaller charts covering compact , with nonnegative smooth bumps supported in the larger charts and positive on the smaller ones; each bump is constructed in Euclidean coordinates. Let and choose a smooth equal to one near and supported where . Such a is a scalar smooth function of , since has a positive minimum on . If are the local extensions, set extending the summands by zero away from their supports. This is a smooth convex combination of positive metrics and agrees with on . Only finitely many charts and bumps are chosen.
Use the pullback Levi-Civita connection of . On the flat edge put , so and . Since is fixed in on , there. Moreover is skew-adjoint at the edge: the identity holds along for arbitrary ambient vectors, and differentiating it in the tangent direction using metric compatibility gives that assertion. In particular . Torsion-freeness and differentiation of give Hence on the edge.
Differentiate the actual density in the normal coordinate . The product rule gives Since is orthogonal on every ambient vector along , the two terms containing in combine to . The tangential component of lies in and contributes zero after application of and pairing with . Its normal component is the second fundamental form . Thus the exact boundary identity is The second fundamental form is uniformly bounded because is compact, and the family derivatives are uniformly bounded. Since and here, this proves for some constants depending only on the specified data. No uncontrolled tangential second derivative remains.
Apply [F1] with the fixed metric of step 1.1. Uniform bounds persist for this metric because on the compact target it and its connections differ from the fixed background data by bounded smooth tensors. We obtain throughout the half-disk. Choose Step 3.1 and the preceding interior inequality verify all differential and size hypotheses of [F2]. Its conclusion and prove the claimed boundary-center inequality.
For completeness the stronger maximum assertion follows from the proved weighted maximum in [F2], not from an assumption of smooth reflection. In that proof the even reflected density has a maximum of at , with and . Its small-energy argument proves . Consequently for every in the full disk. On , this gives and hence the asserted bound for . Finally compactness of supplies uniform positive comparison constants between and on all tangent spaces; applying these both to the energy integral and the pointwise derivative yields the corresponding estimates. All arguments are global in the target.