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Compact-fibre bundle totals preserve paracompactness, and CW type under CW-type hypotheses

Statement

Assume AC. Let p:S→B be a numerable locally trivial fiber bundle with compact Hausdorff fiber F over a paracompact Hausdorff base B. Then S is paracompact and Hausdorff. If in addition B is compactly generated, then S is compactly generated (and hence CGWH). If B and F have the homotopy type of CW complexes, then S has the homotopy type of a CW complex.

Consequently the total spaces of the projective bundle and of the flag bundle of a numerable bundle with compact fiber over a paracompact Hausdorff CGWH base of CW type are again paracompact Hausdorff CGWH spaces of CW type, and the same holds for finitely many fiber products of such total spaces over B.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: AC, a numerable locally trivial fiber bundle p:S→B with compact Hausdorff fiber F over a paracompact Hausdorff base B.

[F1]

A locally trivial bundle has fiber homeomorphisms θi:p−1(Ui)→Ui×F over an open cover. A numeration additionally supplies a partition of unity whose cozero sets, not necessarily the original chart cover, are locally finite and whose supports lie in the chart domains; the overlap change on Ui∩Uj is (b,x)↦(b,gji(b,x)) with each gji(b,−) a homeomorphism of F (Locally trivial fiber bundle).

[F2]

Let K⊆X be compact, z0∈Z, and N⊆X×Z open with K×{z0}⊆N. Then there is an open W⊆Z with z0∈W and K×W⊆N (Tube lemma: if K is compact and an open N⊆X×Z contains K×{z0}, then N contains K×W for some open W∋z0).

[F3]

A space is paracompact when every open cover has a locally finite open refinement that covers it (Paracompactness: every open cover has a locally finite open refinement, with no separation axiom built into the word).

[F4]

Products of Hausdorff spaces are Hausdorff (Arbitrary products preserve T0, T1, and Hausdorffness).

[F5]

Schon's Theorem 2: a Hurewicz fibration whose base and fiber have the homotopy type of CW complexes has total space of the same type (Rolf Schon, Fibrations Over a CWh-Base, Theorem 2, printed page 165).

[F6]

Every numerable fiber bundle is a Hurewicz fibration (Numerable fiber bundles are hurewicz fibrations).

[F7]

An open subset U of a compactly generated space is compactly generated when each point of U has an open neighborhood in the ambient space whose closure lies in U; also, the ordinary product of a compactly generated space with a locally compact Hausdorff space is compactly generated (May, A Concise Course in Algebraic Topology, Chapter 5, printed pp.39–40).

[A1]

AC is the Axiom of Choice in the form fixed by The Axiom of Choice.

Proof

1.1F1F4

S is Hausdorff. Let s≠s′ be points of S. If p(s)≠p(s′), choose disjoint open U,V⊆B containing them, possible because B is Hausdorff; then p−1(U) and p−1(V) are disjoint open subsets of S containing s and s′. If p(s)=p(s′)=b, choose a chart domain Ui containing b and apply the homeomorphism θi: the images lie in Ui×F, which is Hausdorff by [F4] because Ui⊆B and F are Hausdorff; separating them there and applying θi−1 separates s and s′ in S.

1.2F1F2F3A1

S is paracompact. Let W be an open cover of S. For b∈B the fiber Sb≅F is compact, so W has a finite subfamily covering Sb; fix such a finite list for every b (this is the only choice made, and it is a choice of one set for every element of B). In a chart θi about b the union of the listed open sets contains {b}×F in Ui×F; the tube lemma [F2] applied with compact factor F gives an open Vb∋b with Vb×F contained in that union, that is, p−1(Vb) is covered by the finitely many listed members of W. The family {Vb} is an open cover of the paracompact space B, so by [F3] it has a locally finite open refinement {Vβ}β∈J. Choose for each β an index b(β) with Vβ⊆Vb(β); then the family consisting of the open sets W∩p−1(Vβ), for all β and all W in the finite list attached to b(β), covers S and refines W, since p−1(Vβ)⊆p−1(Vb(β)) is covered by that finite list. It is locally finite: given s∈S with p(s)=b0, local finiteness of {Vβ} at b0 supplies an open N∋b0 meeting only finitely many Vβ, and then the neighborhood p−1(N) of s meets p−1(Vβ) only for those finitely many β. Hence every open cover of S has a locally finite open refinement, so S is paracompact by [F3].

2.1F5F6F7step 1.1

The compact-generation and CW-type clauses. Suppose first that B is compactly generated. Since a paracompact Hausdorff space is regular, every point of a chart domain Ui has an open neighborhood in B whose closure lies in Ui; [F7] therefore makes Ui compactly generated. The compact Hausdorff fiber F is locally compact, so [F7] makes each ordinary product Ui×F, and hence each open chart p−1(Ui), compactly generated. Compact generation is local on this open cover: if A⊆S meets every compact subspace of S in a closed set, then A∩p−1(Ui) has the same property in the compactly generated chart and is closed there; the chart cover then makes A closed in S. Thus S is compactly generated. It is weak Hausdorff because it is Hausdorff by step 1.1, so it is CGWH. Independently, if B and F have the homotopy type of CW complexes, then [F6] makes p:S→B a Hurewicz fibration, and [F5] gives the homotopy type of a CW complex for S.

3.1F5F6F7step 1.1step 1.2step 2.1∎

Consequences and boundary cases. The projective bundle of a numerable rank-n bundle E→B with n≥1 is a numerable fiber bundle with fiber RPn−1, and the flag bundle is a composite of such bundles, each with the compact CW complex RPj as fiber; if the initial base is paracompact Hausdorff CGWH of CW type, the three preceding steps apply at each stage and give the same conclusion for every intermediate total space. A fiber product over B of finitely many such total spaces is a numerable bundle over B with compact fiber, so the same clauses apply. If F=∅ then S=∅; if F is a point then S≅B over B; if B=∅ then S=∅. In each case paracompactness, Hausdorffness, compact generation and the CW-type conclusion hold under their stated hypotheses because the empty space and B itself have the corresponding properties. For projective fibers, the one-point case is RP0={∗} and the empty convention is RP−1=∅; both are compact and have CW type.

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