How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
regular system of parameters equivalent basis
Statement
Assume the Axiom of Choice (The Axiom of Choice). Let be a nonzero Noetherian local ring of dimension , and let . Then is a regular system of parameters if and only if its classes form a -basis of . In particular every lift of a cotangent basis in a regular local ring generates and is a system of parameters.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: The objects and hypotheses in the statement. We work with the Axiom of Choice; cited dependent-choice and resolution-existence hypotheses are retained.
regular system of parameters: In a regular local ring of dimension , an ordered minimal generating tuple of is a regular system of parameters. The tuple is empty when . This definition concerns generators of the maximal ideal; the regular-sequence property is a theorem, not part of the definition.
embedding dimension is minimal maximal ideal generator number: Under the Choice assumption used in its proof, for a nonzero Noetherian local ring , is the least number of generators of .
Assuming the Axiom of Choice, generators modulo an ideal in the Jacobson radical lift to generators: Assume the Axiom of Choice. Let be a commutative ring, let satisfy , and let be a finitely generated left -module. If elements generate , then generate .
Proof
If is a regular system, it minimally generates in a regular ring, whose cotangent dimension is . Its spanning classes therefore form a basis.
Conversely, a basis of length makes the embedding dimension , so is regular. Nakayama lifts the spanning classes to generators of , and no generator can be removed since its class is independent. Their ideal has radical and length , which is exactly the parameter condition. For , Nakayama gives and the empty tuple has the same property.