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Compact, discrete and abelian groups are unimodular

Statement

Assume AC for the general Haar interface. Every compact, discrete, or abelian LCH group is unimodular.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: An LCH group G, a left Haar measure μ on G, the modular function ΔG (Modular function of a locally compact group), and AC.

[F1]

For every g there is a unique c(g)>0 with ∫Gf(xg) dμ(x)=c(g)∫Gf dμ(x) for all f∈Cc(G), and ΔG(g)=c(g−1); consequently G is unimodular exactly when c(g)=1 for every g, i.e. exactly when μ is right invariant (Modular function of a locally compact group, Unimodular locally compact group).

[F2]

A compact Hausdorff group has a left Haar probability measure, and that measure is right invariant (Normalized Haar probability on a compact group).

[F3]

For a left Haar measure μ, μ(aE)=μ(E) for every Borel E and every a∈G; in an abelian group xg=gx for all x,g (Left Haar integral and left Haar measure).

[F4]

Any two left Haar measures on an LCH group are positive scalar multiples on every Borel set (Uniqueness of left Haar measure up to scale).

[F5]

On an LCH group with the discrete topology, counting measure is a left Haar measure and a right Haar measure, and every left Haar measure on it is a positive multiple of counting measure (Counting measure on a discrete group is Haar, Haar measures there are its multiples, and integrals against them are sums).

[A1]

AC is assumed in the choice-function form of the cited definition (The Axiom of Choice).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1A1F1F2F4

Compact case. By [F2] and [A1] there is a left Haar probability λ on G that is right invariant, so ∫Gf(xg) dλ(x)=∫Gf dλ(x) for every f∈Cc(G) and every g; by [F4] there is t>0 with λ=tμ on Borel sets. Hence ∫Gf(xg) dμ(x)=t−1∫Gf(xg) dλ(x)=t−1∫Gf dλ(x)=∫Gf dμ(x) for every f∈Cc(G), so the scalar attached to μ by [F1] satisfies c(g)=1 by its uniqueness, hence ΔG(g)=c(g−1)=1 for every g and G is unimodular by [F1].

1.2F1F3

Abelian case. Fix g∈G and f∈Cc(G). Since xg=gx and μ is left invariant, ∫Gf(xg) dμ(x)=∫Gf(gx) dμ(x)=∫Gf(x) dμ(x), so c(g)=1 by the uniqueness in [F1]; as g was arbitrary, ΔG≡1 and G is unimodular.

1.3F1F5

Discrete case. Let G be discrete and let ν be counting measure. By [F5] the measure ν is a left Haar measure and a right Haar measure on G, and the fixed left Haar measure μ equals c ν for some c>0; since ν is right invariant, so is μ, hence c(g)=1 for every g by the uniqueness in [F1] and ΔG≡1.

2.1step 1.1step 1.2step 1.3

Every compact, discrete or abelian LCH group therefore falls under one of steps 1.1–1.3 and is unimodular. ∎

Remarks

Depends on

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Sources