How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
Elastic channel momentum magnitude and direction freedom
Kinematic freedom of the outgoing direction for a two-product elastic channel with fixed masses and timelike total in flat relativistic-particle mechanics; no scattering law, angular distribution, or interaction rate is inferred.
Statement
Consider a two-product elastic channel in a finite isolated collision: the complete incoming and outgoing lists each have exactly two legs, their recorded rest masses agree pairwise, the total four-momentum is timelike, and the balance postulate is adopted. In the center-of-momentum frame, let the incoming momenta be and in the spatial rest space , where is fixed by Complete two-body rest-frame kinematics. Every admissible outgoing pair has the same momentum magnitude . If , any unit vector gives an on-shell outgoing pair with the same total four-momentum; thus kinematics alone leaves the full direction sphere available. If , both products are at rest and the direction is undefined. No isotropic or uniform distribution of directions follows.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: A mass-specified isolated event with two incoming and two outgoing legs, equal paired masses, a timelike total , and the center-of-momentum frame of .
Isolated event four-momentum balance: the complete isolated collision balances the incoming and outgoing totals.
Finite event collisions and observer quantities: a two-leg event has finite on-shell massive or nonzero null legs with recorded masses.
Complete two-body rest-frame kinematics: for fixed and product masses, the on-shell two-body momentum magnitude is the displayed unique , and every unit rest-space direction yields a balanced pair when the massless endpoint condition is met.
Mechanical momentum and observer energy: the spatial momentum is the projection of the same four-momentum into the observer rest space.
Proof
Apply [F2] to the incoming pair with masses and total rest energy . It has a unique magnitude determined by . The outgoing pair has the same two masses by the elastic hypothesis and the same total by [A1], so [F2] gives the same and the same magnitude .
If , let be any unit vector in and use [F2] to construct the two outgoing momenta with spatial parts and the corresponding energies. They satisfy both mass shells and sum to . If , the spatial parts vanish, so no direction is defined. The free kinematic parameter supplies no probability measure or scattering dynamics, hence it entails no isotropic law.