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Elastic channel momentum magnitude and direction freedom

Physical scope

Kinematic freedom of the outgoing direction for a two-product elastic channel with fixed masses and timelike total in flat relativistic-particle mechanics; no scattering law, angular distribution, or interaction rate is inferred.

Statement

Consider a two-product elastic channel in a finite isolated collision: the complete incoming and outgoing lists each have exactly two legs, their recorded rest masses agree pairwise, the total four-momentum is timelike, and the balance postulate is adopted. In the center-of-momentum frame, let the incoming momenta be kein and −kein in the spatial rest space nQ⊥, where k≥0 is fixed by Complete two-body rest-frame kinematics. Every admissible outgoing pair has the same momentum magnitude k. If k>0, any unit vector eout∈nQ⊥ gives an on-shell outgoing pair keout,−keout with the same total four-momentum; thus kinematics alone leaves the full direction sphere available. If k=0, both products are at rest and the direction is undefined. No isotropic or uniform distribution of directions follows.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A mass-specified isolated event with two incoming and two outgoing legs, equal paired masses, a timelike total Q, and the center-of-momentum frame of Q.

[A1]

Isolated event four-momentum balance: the complete isolated collision balances the incoming and outgoing totals.

[F1]

Finite event collisions and observer quantities: a two-leg event has finite on-shell massive or nonzero null legs with recorded masses.

[F2]

Complete two-body rest-frame kinematics: for fixed W and product masses, the on-shell two-body momentum magnitude is the displayed unique k, and every unit rest-space direction yields a balanced pair when the massless endpoint condition is met.

[F3]

Mechanical momentum and observer energy: the spatial momentum is the projection of the same four-momentum into the observer rest space.

Proof

technique · compare the unique two-body shell magnitude before and after
1.1A1F1F2

Apply [F2] to the incoming pair with masses a,b and total rest energy W=Mc2. It has a unique magnitude k determined by W,a,b. The outgoing pair has the same two masses by the elastic hypothesis and the same total by [A1], so [F2] gives the same W and the same magnitude k.

2.1F2F3step 1.1∎

If k>0, let eout be any unit vector in nQ⊥ and use [F2] to construct the two outgoing momenta with spatial parts ±keout and the corresponding energies. They satisfy both mass shells and sum to Q. If k=0, the spatial parts vanish, so no direction is defined. The free kinematic parameter supplies no probability measure or scattering dynamics, hence it entails no isotropic law.

Depends on

Dependency tree · 2 levels

Sources