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Exact convergent Ising-chain high-temperature series

Statement

For the zero-field nearest-neighbor Ising chain with spins si∈{−1,+1}, coupling J∈R, inverse temperature β>0, and K=βJ, let P(K) be the dimensionless pressure per site on periodic chains. For ∣K∣<12, P(K)=log⁡(2cosh⁡K)=log⁡2+∑m=1∞(−1)m+1m(cosh⁡K−1)m. The series converges absolutely at every such K and uniformly on each compact subinterval of (−12,12). This is a sufficient convergence range for this specific one-dimensional model, not a generic cluster-expansion result.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A finite periodic Ising chain with zero field, J∈R, β>0, and the dimensionless coupling K=βJ.

[A1]

The chain Hamiltonian is HN(s)=−J∑i=1Nsisi+1 with sN+1=s1, and its transfer matrix is Ts,t=eKst.

[F1]

For this finite-alphabet periodic chain, the thermodynamic pressure exists and is log⁡λ+, where λ+ is the larger eigenvalue of the stated positive transfer matrix (One-dimensional periodic Ising-chain limit).

[F3]

The mean value theorem gives g(b)−g(a)=g′(c)(b−a) for continuous g on [a,b] and differentiable g on (a,b) (The mean value theorem, as the case g(x)=x of Cauchy's: for f continuous on [a,b] with a<b and differentiable on (a,b) there is c∈(a,b) with f(b)−f(a)=f′(c)(b−a)).

[F4]

The hyperbolic functions are defined from the exponential, satisfy cosh⁡K−1=2sinh⁡2(K/2), and have (sinh⁡x)′=cosh⁡x with cosh⁡ increasing on [0,∞) (The six hyperbolic functions and their natural domains, Addition formulas, identities, parity, and derivatives of the hyperbolic functions).

[F5]
[F6]

The exponential is positive, satisfies exp⁡(−x)=1/exp⁡x, and is strictly increasing (The exponential is positive and satisfies exp⁡(−x)=1/exp⁡(x), The exponential function is strictly increasing).

Proof

1.1A1F1F2algebra

At zero field the larger transfer-matrix eigenvalue in [F1] is λ+=eK+e−K=2cosh⁡K. Therefore the limiting pressure is P(K)=log⁡(2cosh⁡K)=log⁡2+log⁡(1+w) with w=cosh⁡K−1≥0.

1.2F2F3F4F5F6algebra

Put u=∣K∣/2<1/4. If u=0, then w=0. If u>0, [F3] applied to sinh⁡ on [0,u] gives sinh⁡u=ucosh⁡ξ for some 0<ξ<u; by [F4], cosh⁡ξ<cosh⁡u, while [F6] and the definition of cosh⁡ give cosh⁡u<eu, so sinh⁡u<ueu. The power-series definition of exp⁡ in [F2], with j!≥1, and [F5] give eu=∑j≥0uj/j!≤∑j≥0uj=(1−u)−1<4/3. Thus 0≤w=2sinh⁡2u<2(4u/3)2=8K2/9<2/9<1/4 when u>0, and w=0 when u=0.

2.1step 1.2F5algebra

For 0≤t≤w<1, the finite geometric identity gives ∑j=0n(−t)j=(1−(−t)n+1)/(1+t); the remainder is bounded uniformly by wn+1/(1−w). The pointwise sum is also (1+t)−1 by [F5], so these same remainder bounds show uniform convergence on [0,w].

3.1F2F5step 1.2step 2.1algebra∎

Integrate the finite geometric identity from 0 to w. The integral of its remainder has absolute value at most wn+2, since 1+t≥1 on [0,w]; hence these finite integrals converge to ∫0w(1+t)−1dt=log⁡(1+w) by [F2]. Integrating each finite sum gives ∑m=1n+1(−1)m+1wm/m, so passage to the limit yields log⁡(1+w)=∑m≥1(−1)m+1wm/m. If ∣K∣≤r<1/2 with r≥0, step 1.2 gives 0≤w≤8r2/9<2/9=:wr<1. The tail of the series of absolute values after index M is at most ∑m>Mwrm=wrM+1/(1−wr)→0, uniformly in K, by [F5]. This proves absolute convergence and uniform convergence on every such compact interval, including r=0.

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