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Source-free smooth maximal globally hyperbolic Einstein–Maxwell development
Statement
Assume Countable Choice and Dependent Choice. Let be a nonempty connected smooth oriented three-manifold without boundary with smooth Riemannian metric , smooth symmetric tensor , and smooth spatial vectors . Fix the source-free Einstein–Maxwell model, its constants , , , signature , orientation and convention as in Electrovacuum tensor Cauchy system. Assume the four constraints of Gauss-Codazzi and Maxwell initial constraints and reconstruct the complete initial two-form by , . Then there is a smooth connected time-oriented globally hyperbolic development into which every other smooth source-free Einstein–Maxwell development of these complete data embeds by a time-orientation-preserving isometric embedding fixing and carrying to . The maximal development is unique up to a unique such data-fixing isometry. This maximality is within the smooth globally hyperbolic development class for this fixed two-form model; it asserts no geodesic completeness, no maximality among rough or non-globally-hyperbolic extensions, and no global-in-time regularity estimate. Here an affinely parametrized metric geodesic solves on an interval; maximality of that solution forbids extension to a strictly larger interval with the same affine parameter. Geodesic completeness means every maximal affine geodesic has parameter domain all of .
Facts & Assumptions
Given: Countable Choice and Dependent Choice, connected smooth constrained source-free data, the fixed covariant model and its complete two-form data.
Draft model Electrovacuum tensor Cauchy system fixes the equations, stress, constants and pullback conventions. The initial data in the Statement specify all six independent components on , with no global potential requirement. Its item file is listed in batch 6; its status is draft and its precheck is pending; this input remains conditional.
Draft constraint result Gauss-Codazzi and Maxwell initial constraints assumes an existing smooth source-free solution near a smooth spacelike embedded hypersurface and proves that its induced data satisfy the four Einstein and Maxwell constraints in the selected convention. It proves necessity, not existence from constrained data. Its item file is listed in batch 6; its status is draft and its precheck is pending; this input remains conditional.
Draft identity Maxwell stress algebra and covariant conservation gives for smooth fields satisfying and . The exact Hodge conversion is with indices raised by . It follows from metric-compatibility , , the antisymmetrized covariant derivative, and ; the coordinate divergence follows from the trace Christoffel identity and antisymmetry of . Thus supplies , and the model's supplies the other hypothesis, so the stress identity applies with before Einstein recovery. Its item file is listed in batch 6; its status is draft and its precheck is pending; this input remains conditional.
Smooth local geometric existence and uniqueness for source-free Einstein–Maxwell data proves smooth local existence and geometric uniqueness for this exact covariant model and complete data on arbitrary smooth initial slices. Its proof verifies the local symmetric-hyperbolic reduction, full model recovery, stress conservation and constraints, conditional on the actual CP01 draft statements [L1]–[L3], whose files are present but whose prechecks are pending although their IDs are listed in the batch-6 manifest.
Causal and Cauchy-surface inputs for smooth electrovacuum developments records the causal, Cauchy-surface and choice interfaces used in the globally hyperbolic development construction, with their exact hypotheses.
Smooth developments of constrained initial data, data-fixing isometries, development embeddings and maximality defines a development, a data-fixing development embedding, and maximality by universal embedding into a smooth globally hyperbolic development. It makes no completeness requirement.
Existence and uniqueness of the smooth maximal globally hyperbolic development of constrained initial data in the selected matter sectors proves the set-sized gluing, quotient, universality and uniqueness result for any fixed admissible covariant model once constrained local existence and geometric uniqueness hold at every spacelike restart. The actual inspected carrier is published with verification precheck pending. Its proof is sourced to Sbierski, whose original theorem is vacuum-only; therefore the current GR theorem's additional-model clause applies here only after [F1] discharges the EMG local obligations.
Proof
The initial bundle formulas specify the three normal-spatial and three spatial-spatial components of and hence all independent matter data, as in [F1]'s complete-data reconstruction. The four equations displayed in [L2] are assumed for the initial data in the Statement, with the same stress normalization, orientation and sign convention. They are precisely the constraint hypotheses of the local existence theorem [F1]. Thus the data are complete constrained data for the one fixed EMG model; no assumption that is introduced. The necessity theorem [L2] will supply the constraints on spacelike restart surfaces of existing solutions.
By [F1], every smooth constrained initial data set for this fixed model has a smooth local development and data-fixing geometric uniqueness. The same statement applies to every smooth spacelike restart: the full Einstein and Maxwell equations hold there; their normal projections give [L2]'s constraints; the normal electric and spatial magnetic components determine the complete restarted two-form; and the Hodge conversion in [L3] lets the stress identity apply with after Maxwell propagation. Therefore the local existence and uniqueness obligations are available at every restart used in [F4].
In particular, [F1] provides at least one local development. Its local Cauchy-neighborhood clause, also covered by [F2], restricts it to an open globally hyperbolic neighborhood with Cauchy, so the nonempty-development hypothesis of [F4] holds. The model and complete data remain fixed under all comparisons, and the Countable Choice and Dependent Choice assumptions match [F4].
Apply [F4] to this fixed model, data, local development and restart theorem. Its universality clause gives a data-fixing development embedding of every smooth globally hyperbolic development into one maximal development; its uniqueness clause gives exactly one data-fixing isometry between any two maximal developments. By [F3], this is precisely maximality in the stated smooth globally hyperbolic class. The definition imposes no condition on affine-parameter endpoints of geodesics, so this conclusion contains no geodesic-completeness assertion.
Depends on
The Axiom of Countable Choice ()
The axiom of dependent choice: a relation in which every element is related to something admits an -indexed chain
Electrovacuum tensor Cauchy system
Gauss-Codazzi and Maxwell initial constraints
Maxwell stress algebra and covariant conservation
Smooth local geometric existence and uniqueness for source-free Einstein–Maxwell data
Causal and Cauchy-surface inputs for smooth electrovacuum developments
Smooth developments of constrained initial data, data-fixing isometries, development embeddings and maximality
Existence and uniqueness of the smooth maximal globally hyperbolic development of constrained initial data in the selected matter sectors
Dependency tree · 2 levels
Sources
- J. Sbierski, On the Existence of a Maximal Cauchy Development for the Einstein Equations — a Dezornification, arXiv:1309.7591v3 (2015), Definitions and Theorems 2.6–2.8, printed pp. 10–12, and complete proofs §§3.1–3.3, printed pp. 12–24.
- P. T. Chruściel, An introduction to the Cauchy problem for the Einstein equations, Roscoff lecture notes (2011), complete notes, especially §1.6 and the local Cauchy-problem discussion.