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The flop restriction complement is the finite ADE relative complement

Statement

Work over C with the Axiom of Choice, retaining the complete-local smooth flopping setting and specified bundle choice of the slice-restriction contract. For its slice pair (Δ,J) and geometric arrangement HΛ, put I=Δ∖J and n=∣I∣, and index the coordinates of Rn by I. Use the finite ADE Coxeter system with the same labelled diagram Δ, its canonical simple-root representation and the corresponding relative cone, arrangement and complement. The surviving-curve coordinates identify the arrangement (Cone⁡(J)∘,HJ) with (Rn,HΛ). They induce a homeomorphism XJC ≅ Cn∖⋃K∈HΛKC, where KC={x+iy:x,y∈K}.

Chambers are connected components of the real arrangement complement, and adjacency means sharing a wall in the chamber-and-wall definition. Here a chamber path is a finite nonempty sequence (C0,…,Cm) of chambers with each consecutive pair adjacent, and its length is m. The coordinate identification gives bijections of chambers and chamber paths, preserves adjacency and path lengths, and therefore preserves minimum lengths for fixed endpoints.

Facts & Assumptions

[F1]

The slice-restriction contract identifies the geometric parameter space with L={ϑ∈RΔ:ϑj=0 (j∈J)}. Its walls are the distinct proper restrictions of the finite ADE root hyperplanes; in the geometric simple-root basis (βi)i∈Δ, a root ∑iciβi has hyperplane ∑iciϑi=0. Generic slicing identifies flop stability walls with restricted ADE walls

[F2]

The canonical representation has simple-root basis (αi), Coxeter form B, reflections ri(v)=v−2B(v,αi)αi and roots {wαi:w∈W, i∈Δ}. Real Coxeter representation and contragredient notation The subspace ΘJ and proper restricted hyperplanes define the relative arrangement. Tits cone intersections, relative roots and arrangements Since this W is finite, its Tits cone is all of Θ. Basic Tits-cone properties

[F3]

The relative complement deletes H×H from the product of the relative cone interior with itself; in finite type the map (x,y)↦x⊗1+y⊗i identifies it with the complement of the complexified hyperplanes. Relative complexified hyperplane complement

[F4]

For geometric simple roots, the row-coroot Cartan convention is aik=2(βk,βi)/(βi,βi) and si(βk)=βk−aikβi. Cartan matrix of a based root system The labelled simply laced ADE Dynkin diagram has aii=2, aik=−1 for adjacent distinct vertices, and aik=0 otherwise. Dynkin diagram with edge multiplicity and arrow convention

[F5]

For a finite reduced crystallographic Euclidean root system with a chosen positive system and its simple roots, every root is the image of a simple root under the group generated by the simple reflections. This is an explicit assertion of Finite Weyl positive roots and simple reflections. The geometric finite ADE root system in [F1], with its geometric simple roots (βi), has exactly these hypotheses and conventions.

[F6]

Chambers, ambient closures, walls and adjacency are defined in Chambers, walls and adjacency: a wall is an intersection of a chamber closure with an arrangement hyperplane of affine dimension one less than that chamber, and distinct chambers are adjacent when they share a wall.

[F7]

The Axiom of Choice is assumed as in The Axiom of Choice. It is inherited from the complete-local smooth flopping setting of Generic slicing identifies flop stability walls with restricted ADE walls, whose geometric wall identification is used in [F1]. The coordinate comparison below adds no further choice use.

Proof

Given: The slice data in the complete-local smooth flopping setting of the Statement, including its inherited Axiom of Choice, and the finite ADE Coxeter system on the same labelled diagram.

Goal: Identify the arrangements and complements, and preserve chambers, adjacency and path lengths.

Proof technique: direct; compare the labelled reflection matrices, then pass to dual coordinates.

1.1F1F2F4F5F7constructalgebra

Use the geometric slice input under the inherited assumption [F7]. Let E be the geometric root space in [F1] and define the linear isomorphism T:V→E by T(αi)=βi for every label i. In the ADE Coxeter form, 2B(αk,αi) equals 2 on the diagonal, −1 on an edge because mik=3, and 0 off the edges because mik=2. These are exactly the entries aik in [F4]. Thus Tri(αk)=βk−aikβi=siT(αk) for all i,k, so Tri=siT on the whole space. It follows by composition that T sends the canonical simple-root orbits exactly to the geometric simple-root orbits, which exhaust the geometric root system by the simple-reflection generation assertion in [F5]. Hence T(Φ) is the full geometric root set. This basis calculation works separately on every component and requires no common scalar relating different component normalizations.

2.1F1F2step 1.1construct

On dual spaces the map f↦g=f∘T−1 satisfies g(βi)=f(αi) for every i. It therefore preserves all labelled simple-root dual coordinates, sends ΘJ to L, and sends Hα to the hyperplane g(Tα)=0. By step 1.1 these are exactly the geometric root hyperplanes in [F1]. Containment of the respective coordinate subspace is preserved by this bijection, so the distinct proper restrictions are precisely the two relative hyperplane collections. Projecting L to its coordinates indexed by I is a linear isomorphism L→Rn, with inverse extension by zero on J; compose it with the dual map to obtain q:ΘJ→Rn. Its coordinate formulas and inverse are continuous, so it is a homeomorphism identifying the hyperplanes with HΛ.

3.1F2step 2.1

Since W is finite, [F2] gives Cone⁡=Θ. Thus Cone⁡(J)=ΘJ and its interior in ΘJ is all of ΘJ. Together with step 2.1 this proves equality of the real domains as well as the arrangement identification.

4.1F1F3step 2.1step 3.1

The map (x,y)↦q(x)+iq(y) is a real-linear homeomorphism ΘJ×ΘJ→Cn, with inverse obtained from real and imaginary parts and q−1. For each relative hyperplane H, its image on H×H is q(H)C. It therefore sends the deleted union in [F3] exactly to the displayed union and restricts to the asserted homeomorphism of complements. Here n=∣I∣ because precisely those coordinates remain free in L.

5.1F6step 2.1step 3.1∎

By step 2.1 the real complement homeomorphism gives a bijection of connected components, hence of chambers in [F6]. The linear isomorphism q sends each ambient chamber closure to its image closure, sends its intersection with H to the image closure intersected with q(H), and preserves affine dimension. It thus sends walls bijectively to walls and preserves sharing a wall in both directions. Applying this chamber bijection term by term sends every chamber path in the Statement to one of the same length, with the inverse induced by q−1. For each fixed pair of endpoints the sets of available path lengths are identical, so any minimum is the same.

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