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Isomorphism of algebraic and topological normaliser sequences
PDF p. 3: Theorem 6.7; (6.8); PDF p. 26: Theorem 6.7; (6.8)
Statement
Assume the Axiom of Choice. Let be a finite-rank spherical Coxeter system, meaning that is finite, and let . Let be the associated Artin–Tits group, let be its standard projection and let . Write and for the subgroups generated by the standard generators indexed by . For , put , where . Let be the image of in .
Let be the relative complexified hyperplane complement, let , and let be its image in . The algebraic exact sequence is isomorphic to the covering exact sequence , with the identity on . In particular, and . Fundamental groups use first-path-first multiplication.
Statement references
Coxeter-system, roots, length and weak-order conventions
Artin–Tits group, pure subgroup and positive lifts
Normalisers and their quotients
Relative complexified hyperplane complement
Normaliser quotient exact sequence
Relative free action, normal cover and exact sequence
Intermediate exact sequences and deck morphism in Theorem 6.7
Facts & Assumptions
The normaliser quotients and are the groups described in the Statement, and the algebraic sequence displayed there is exact. Normalisers and their quotients Normaliser quotient exact sequence
In spherical type, is the complement in the complexification of a finite-dimensional real vector space of finitely many complexified real hyperplanes. Relative complexified hyperplane complement
The action of on gives a normal covering and, at every point of , the displayed topological exact sequence. Its final map sends a loop to the unique element carrying the initial point of its lift to its endpoint. Relative free action, normal cover and exact sequence
With the Axiom of Choice, the completed groupoid comparison provides a point and an isomorphism from the algebraic exact sequence to the topological exact sequence based at , inducing the identity on . It identifies the algebraic kernel with the kernel of the topological endpoint map. Intermediate exact sequences and deck morphism in Theorem 6.7 The Axiom of Choice
Endpoint-fixed path classes compose by concatenation and have inverse classes represented by reversed paths. A path downstairs has a unique lift from a specified point over its initial point. Fundamental groupoid of a space Existence and uniqueness of path lifts through a covering map
A morphism of group extensions consists of group homomorphisms making the injection and quotient squares commute. Morphisms of group extensions
No finite family of proper linear subspaces covers a finite-dimensional vector space over an infinite field. We apply this over to the underlying real vector space of the complexification in [F2]. A finite-dimensional vector space over an infinite field is not a finite union of proper subspaces
Proof
Given: The Coxeter system, subset, groups, complement and basepoint in the Statement, and the Axiom of Choice.
Goal: Transport the comparison at to the arbitrary basepoint , preserving the quotient map.
Proof technique: direct.
Let be the underlying finite-dimensional real vector space of the ambient complexification in [F2], and let range over the deleted complexified hyperplanes. Each has real codimension two: a real basis of the corresponding real hyperplane, together with its multiples by , is a real basis of . For , the subspace has dimension , since , and is proper. For two endpoints , [F7] therefore gives outside all the finitely many subspaces and . If there are no deleted hyperplanes, no avoidance condition on is needed.
The segment from to avoids every deleted : if for , then because , and solving for gives , contrary to step 1.1. The same argument applies to the segment from to . Both segment maps are continuous, since their real coordinates are affine functions of ; traversing the first and the reverse of the second gives a path in from to . The construction also covers an empty arrangement, while in dimension zero is a point. Hence is path-connected. Take from [F4] and , and choose the resulting path .
Write . By [F5], conjugation by path classes gives isomorphisms and : with first-path-first products they send to and to , respectively. Their inverses use the reversed path. Projection preserves concatenation and reversal, so .
Let a loop at lift from to , where . The lift of starting at is followed by that lift of and then by . Indeed, projects to and starts at ; uniqueness in [F5] identifies it with the final lifted segment. Its endpoint is . By the endpoint description in [F3], the last maps of the two covering sequences therefore agree after applying .
Steps 3.1 and 4.1 give an isomorphism of the two covering exact sequences, with identity on . Compose it with the comparison at from [F4]. The result is an isomorphism from the algebraic sequence of [F1] to the covering sequence based at , with identity on the rightmost nontrivial group. Its kernel and middle components give the two stated group isomorphisms.
Source notes
The article reference attributes the theorem. The intermediate comparison now explicitly carries Choice, which is already assumed here. The finite-union step is supplied by the declared mathematical lemma and the two-segment avoidance argument is local. The proof uses the completed comparison supplier and an explicit change of basepoint; it does not use the article's theorem as a proof premise.
Depends on
- Coxeter-system, roots, length and weak-order conventions
- Artin–Tits group, pure subgroup and positive lifts
- Morphisms of group extensions
- Normalisers and their quotients
- Relative complexified hyperplane complement
- Normaliser quotient exact sequence
- Relative free action, normal cover and exact sequence
- Intermediate exact sequences and deck morphism in Theorem 6.7
- Fundamental groupoid of a space
- Existence and uniqueness of path lifts through a covering map
- The Axiom of Choice
- A finite-dimensional vector space over an infinite field is not a finite union of proper subspaces
Dependency tree · 2 levels
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Sources
- Normalisers of parabolic subgroups of Artin–Tits groups and Tits cone intersections · PDF pp. 3 and 26, Theorem 6.7 and equation (6.8)