Alphabeta Math
LemmaStatement: AI-generatedProof: AI-generated
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The proposed small-gamma centered-adjacency tail has the opposite limit

Statement

Fix γ=10−6. For every even integer n with L=log⁡n≥2000000, where log⁡ is the natural logarithm, set p=γL/n. Let A be the symmetric adjacency matrix with zero diagonal of G(n,p), the loop-free simple graph on [n] whose edge indicators are mutually independent Bernoulli(p) variables. Let J be the n×n all-ones matrix, and let ∥⋅∥ denote the operator norm for the Euclidean inner product on Rn. Then n≥1000, 0<p<1, and P(∥A−pJ∥≥8γL)≥11+2exp⁡(−49L/50)>12>25≥2n−γ. Here n−γ=exp⁡(−γlog⁡n). The probability on the left tends to one through even n→∞ at this one fixed value of γ.

Facts & Assumptions

Throughout the facts and proof, set k=⌈L/1000⌉, the least integer at least L/1000, as in the logarithmic parameter lemma (Explicit parameters for the small-gamma logarithmic density).

[F1]

A vertex of degree at least k forces ∥A−pJ∥≥(1−p)k (A centered adjacency column retains a high-degree lower bound).

[F2]

For this same k, the parameters satisfy 0<p<1/2 and L/1000≤k≤n/2 (Explicit parameters for the small-gamma logarithmic density).

[F3]

A vertex of degree at least k occurs with probability at least 1/[1+2exp⁡(−49L/50)], tending to one (Independent cross-degrees produce a large degree at logarithmic density).

[F4]

For nonnegative x, exp⁡(x) is bounded below by every finite partial sum of its positive series (The real exponential function and the number e by a power series).

[F5]

The exponential is positive and exp⁡(−x)=1/exp⁡(x) (The exponential is positive and satisfies exp(-x)=1/exp(x)).

[F6]

The exponential is strictly increasing (The exponential function is strictly increasing).

[F7]

For positive n, the real power n−γ equals exp⁡(−γlog⁡n) (Real powers for positive bases, with the zero-base positive-exponent convention).

[F8]

The law G(n,p) is the finite simple graph on [n] with mutually independent Bernoulli(p) edge indicators, one for each two-element vertex subset (The Erdős-Rényi finite random graph G(n,p)).

[F9]

For n>0, L=log⁡n means exp⁡(L)=n (The natural logarithm as the inverse of the exponential function).

[F10]

For a matrix acting on the Euclidean inner product space Rn, ∥B∥=max⁡∥v∥2=1∥Bv∥2 (The operator norm is zero on the zero domain and otherwise is max_‖ v‖=1‖ Tv‖).

[F11]

An event is a subset of the finite outcome space and its probability is the sum of its nonnegative outcome weights, whose total is one. Consequently 0≤P(B)≤1, and P(B)≤P(C) whenever B⊆C (Finite probability spaces, outcome weights, events, and event probabilities).

[F12]

Two distinct vertices are adjacent when they form an edge; the degree of a vertex is the cardinality of its open neighborhood, the set of its adjacent vertices (Adjacency, incidence, open and closed neighbourhoods, vertex degree, minimum degree and maximum degree).

Proof

Given: The objects and hypotheses in the Statement, with k defined in Facts & Assumptions.

Goal: Prove the asserted conclusions.

1.1F1F2F3F8F10F11F12givenalgebra

The hypotheses of the parameter and amplification lemmas hold since L≥2000000≥1000, with the same n,L,γ,p,k and graph law [F8]. On the degree event from [F3], with degree understood as in [F12], [F1] and [F2], with the norm convention [F10], give ∥A−pJ∥≥12L/1000>8γL. The strict comparison follows by squaring positive quantities: 1/4000>64/1000000. The degree event is therefore contained in the asserted norm event. By [F11], its probability lower bound and limit from [F3] transfer to the norm event, whose probability is at most one. Finally [F2] gives n≥2k≥L/500≥4000≥1000 and 0<p<1/2<1.

2.1F4F5F6F7step 1.1algebra∎

Since 49L/50>1, [F4] gives exp⁡(49L/50)≥1+49L/50>2. By [F5], the probability lower bound is greater than 1/2. Meanwhile γL≥2, so [F4], [F5], [F6], and [F7] give 2n−γ≤2/exp⁡(2)≤2/(1+2+2)=2/5. These strict and nonstrict comparisons prove the entire chain.

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