Alphabeta Math
LemmaStatement: AI-generatedProof: AI-generated
How statement and proof provenance work

The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.

  • Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
  • AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.

These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.

Vertex relabeling preserves the uniform regular graph law

Statement

Let n be a positive integer and d a nonnegative integer such that the set Ωn,d of simple d-regular graphs on [n] is nonempty, and equip it with the uniform law. For any permutation σ of [n], put E(σG)={{σu,σv}:{u,v}∈E(G)}. This map is a bijection of Ωn,d preserving the uniform law, Hamiltonicity and every graph property invariant under relabeling.

For n≥3, a candidate Hamiltonian cycle on [n] is the edge set obtained by listing every vertex once and joining consecutive vertices, including the last and first. For n=1,2, there are no candidate Hamiltonian cycles, following the convention that a simple cycle has at least three distinct vertices. A graph is Hamiltonian when its edge set contains a candidate Hamiltonian cycle. For any two candidate Hamiltonian cycles C,D there is a permutation σ with σC=D.

Facts & Assumptions

[F1]

Pairings, simple-graph conditioning and model transfer defines the nonempty uniform labelled simple regular graph model.

[F2]

For n≥3, Hamiltonian cycles as finite cyclic-order events defines Hamiltonian cycles by vertex listings.

[F3]

The symmetric group Sym(X): the bijections of a set X under composition defines a permutation of a set as a bijection from that set to itself.

[F4]

The uniform probability space on a nonempty finite set assigns each outcome of a nonempty finite set Ω weight 1/∣Ω∣, so an event A has probability ∣A∣/∣Ω∣.

[F5]

Walks, closed walks, trails, paths and cycles, with length equal to the number of traversed edges requires a simple cycle to have length at least three and distinct vertices before its closing repetition.

Proof

Given: The objects and hypotheses in the Statement.

Goal: Establish every assertion of the Statement.

1.1F1F3F4construct

By F3, each vertex has a unique preimage under σ; mapping a vertex to that preimage defines the inverse permutation σ−1. Relabeling preserves distinct endpoints, and v↦σv bijects the neighbors of u with the neighbors of σu. Thus σG remains simple and d-regular. Relabeling by σ−1 inverts this construction, so Tσ:G↦σG is a bijection of the finite set Ωn,d. For every event A⊆Ωn,d, its restriction is a bijection from A onto Tσ(A), so P(Tσ(A))=∣Tσ(A)∣/∣Ωn,d∣=∣A∣/∣Ωn,d∣=P(A). Hence the uniform law is preserved.

2.1givenF2F5step 1.1construct

If n≥3, applying σ to a vertex listing defining a Hamiltonian cycle gives a listing defining a Hamiltonian cycle of σG. Applying σ−1 proves the converse. If n=1,2, no simple cycle exists by F5, so neither graph is Hamiltonian under the stated convention. Thus Hamiltonicity is preserved for every allowed n. A relabeling-invariant property is preserved by its defining invariance.

3.1givenF2F3step 2.1construct∎

If candidate cycles C,D exist, then n≥3. Choose listings (v1,…,vn) and (w1,…,wn) defining them. Set σ(vi)=wi for every i. Each listing contains every vertex exactly once, so this defines a bijection of [n], with inverse wi↦vi, hence a permutation. It carries every consecutive edge, including the closing edge, to the corresponding edge of D, giving σC=D. For n=1,2 the assertion about pairs of candidate cycles is vacuous.

Depends on

Used by · 2

Dependency tree · 2 levels

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