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Exact and thresholded Kraus ranks for J at most two

PDF p. 4: Fig. 2 and first two paragraphs

Statement

Use the equal-rate benchmark restricted to the nine-dimensional space J=0,1,2, with γ>0, real Δ, and the prescribed Hamiltonian HS+HΔ. For this prediction adopt the fixed-jump effective GKSL model: the same three downward jump operators, coefficients and rate γ are used after the lift is added. Energy shifts alone do not derive this fixed-jump approximation. Carry the Choice, Countable Choice and Dependent Choice assumptions of the physical suppliers.

For this finite model the exact Kraus rank is twelve at Δ=0 and eighteen at Δ≠0 at every finite t>0; at t=0 it is one. Here exact rank counts every positive unnormalized Choi eigenvalue, however small. The rank decomposition is one no-jump direction, six or twelve one-jump directions, and five two-jump directions.

Separately, the article's Fig. 2 reports an effective rank, counting canonical weights wk=Tr⁡(Kk†Kk)>10−8, for Δ/γ=0,0.1,1,100. In its early plotted window the nonzero-lift curves begin at four, can rise to eighteen, and approach nine at long times; the zero-lift curve reaches twelve. These thresholded trajectories are source-reported numerical predictions, not computations replayed here. Four is not the limiting thresholded rank as t↓0: for any fixed positive threshold below nine, sufficiently close to zero only the no-jump Choi eigenvalue is above threshold. The limiting complete-decay channel has nine source-to-ground Kraus operators; its rank need not equal the exact rank at finite time.

Facts & Assumptions

[F1]

Adopt the finite equal-rate benchmark and its physical applicability hypotheses. Equal-rate rigid-rotor benchmark parameters

[F2]

Adopt the prescribed diagonal lift, separately from the fixed-jump assumption. Phenomenological angular-momentum degeneracy lift

[F3]

The complete finite cutoff is invariant for the downward model. Invariant finite angular-momentum cutoff

[F4]

Effective rank is defined by canonical Kraus weights. Effective Kraus rank and branch weight

[F5]

Exact Kraus rank equals Choi rank. Kraus rank equals Choi rank

[F6]

Exponentiation and Choi extraction specify the numerical procedure; no execution is claimed. Lindbladian exponentiation and Choi Kraus extraction

[F7]

Canonical weights equal the unnormalized Choi eigenvalues, with trace nine. Canonical Choi eigenvectors, Kraus rank and branch weights

[F8]

Exact rank, strict threshold and numerical tolerances are distinct. Exact versus thresholded Kraus rank protocol

[F9]

The finite lowering-matrix model has Choi rank twelve or eighteen for positive finite time, and rank one at zero. Two-jump and total trajectory dimensions in the lowering model

[F10]

Carry the Axiom of Choice. The Axiom of Choice

[F11]
[F13]

For the same finite lowering matrices, the one-jump amplitude span has dimension six at Δ=0 and twelve at Δ≠0, for every t>0. One-jump span in the nine-dimensional lowering model

[A1]

The fixed-jump continuation after adding the lift is part of the model adopted in the Statement, not a consequence of the lift postulate alone.

Proof

Given: The finite fixed-jump model and hypotheses in the Statement.

Goal: Deduce exact ranks, distinguish the thresholded source report and identify the endpoints.

1.1givenF1F2F3F5F9F10F11F12F13

In the stated fixed-jump model, the benchmark coefficients are exactly γbJ,m,q from [F13], with q=δ. The rotor energies are EJ=ω0J(J+1), and the lift adds ΔJm. Complete-block invariance permits the J≤2 restriction without adding an artificial top-boundary transition. Apply [F13] to these finite matrices to obtain six one-jump directions at Δ=0 and twelve at Δ≠0. Apply [F9] to the same matrices for the one no-jump direction, five two-jump directions and total Choi ranks, and [F5] for the asserted exact Kraus ranks. This is a conditional analytic deduction, not evidence for the physical accuracy of fixed jumps after lifting.

1.2givenF4F6F7F8algebra

By [F4], [F7] and [F8], effective rank counts only eigenvalues above the stated strict threshold and is bounded above by exact rank. At t=0, the identity channel on dimension nine has a single nonzero Choi eigenvalue nine. The finite generator exponential is continuous at zero, so its Choi matrix is continuous there. To see the threshold conclusion without rank continuity, write Qt=Q0+Bt with ∥Bt∥→0. On the codimension-one subspace perpendicular to the identity vector, every Rayleigh quotient is at most ∥Bt∥. There cannot be two eigenvalues above ∥Bt∥, since their two-dimensional span intersects that subspace. The largest eigenvalue is at least 9−∥Bt∥, by testing the normalized identity vector. This gives effective rank one for sufficiently small time at any fixed threshold in (0,9). It also explains why the displayed early count four is a finite-window statement, not the exact endpoint.

2.1givenF1F2F3F5F7F9step 1.1step 1.2algebra∎

Every jump lowers J; the total excited population eventually leaves both excited manifolds. In the equal-rate model p2(t)=e−γtp2(0) and p1(t)=e−γt[p1(0)+γtp2(0)], by the diagonal block trace equations. Both vanish. Positivity bounds ground–excited and excited–excited coherences by square roots of the respective populations, so each input state's output tends to the ground state; finite linearity extends this to the replacement channel X↦Tr⁡(X)∣0,0⟩⟨0,0∣. Its nine matrix-unit Kraus operators are ∣0,0⟩⟨J,m∣, with nine orthogonal vectorizations of norm one. Thus its Choi rank is nine, and for threshold 10−8 the effective rank is eventually nine by the same spectral perturbation reasoning as step 1.2 around eigenvalues zero and one. This is a limiting statement and does not change step 1.1 at any finite time.

Source notes

The thresholded curve shapes and tested parameter values remain attributed to Fig. 2. The local analytic argument establishes exact ranks and endpoint qualifications only; it supplies no certified crossing times or numerical trajectory reproduction. No original-article defect is asserted.

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