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The same maximal slice has the differentiated article end gauge and a limiting old time

Statement

Work in ZFC. Start with the smooth stationary Ricci-flat end and the already supplied smooth CW maximal graph t=u(x) with the original metric and logarithmic graph bounds in [F3]. Use the final spatial normalization of that same end supplied by [F1] and [F2], retaining τ=t−u(x). The original spatial chart x and the final spatial chart z are end charts of this identical end; restrict them to a common neighborhood of infinity. Their transition is t=τ+u(x), z=f(x), with f independent of time. These are the supplied end charts, not a new hypersurface or an assumption of improved height decay. Write r=∣z∣ for the new-chart estimates and ρ=∣x∣ for original-chart estimates. Here O∞ means Ok for every finite k, with the differentiated-order convention of [F10].

The SAME supplied CW maximal slice admits end coordinates (τ,z) with T=∂τ and the slice at τ=0, in which g00=−1+2m/r+O∞(r−2),g0i=O∞(r−2),gij=δij+O∞(r−1). In particular these estimates retain all six differentiated orders required in the article. With the normalized Komar convention mK=(4π)−1lim⁡∫naνb∇aTb dA, where n is future and nu outward, the coefficient m equals mK. If the original regular end has coefficient M0 in its normalized time-time component, then m=mK=M0.

Furthermore, the original logarithmic graph height has a single limiting stationary time: u(x)=c+O(ρ−1) and Du=O(ρ−2). This last comparison does not claim a seventh original-chart derivative. A constant translation of stationary time may set this limiting c to zero, while the adapted time tau already places the identical maximal slice at zero.

Facts & Assumptions

[F1]

The final same-slice stationary chart has a controlled r−2 shift and a log-free second-order lapse remainder. The first possible shift and lapse logarithms vanish by indicial projection

[F2]

The induced metric has its leading isotropic spatial mass term and differentiated order-minus-one error. Leading stationary modes and a spatial normalization of the same maximal end

[F3]

The original chart has its original order-six regular metric and the CW slice is its graph t=u(x). Supplied CW logarithmic maximal ends have weak weighted initial data

[F4]

In vacuum the Killing two-form is co-closed, equivalently the Komar two-form is closed on the stationary end. Vacuum Killing and Ernst differential identities

[F5]

The integral of a closed smooth two-form is unchanged on homologous oriented smooth two-cycles. Stokes theorem for smooth singular chains

[F6]

Every supplied smooth Riemannian metric has a unique compatible torsion-free connection. This applies to the quotient metric only after its construction and positivity have been established. Fundamental theorem of riemannian geometry

[F7]

Work in ZFC, including the inherited analytic choice assumptions. The Axiom of Choice

[F8]

Stationary Lorentzian data supply the smooth metric, Killing field, time orientation, Levi–Civita connection and Ricci conventions; T is future timelike on the stationary end. Stationary Lorentzian data and tensor conventions

[F9]

The supplied spacelike maximal slice has its future unit normal, induced Riemannian metric, and lapse–shift decomposition T=Nn+X. Spacelike sections, maximality and lapse–shift data

[F10]

Differentiated end estimates mean uniform Cartesian derivative bounds in each fixed exterior chart. Differentiated asymptotic bounds and parameter uniformity

[F11]

For a smooth coordinate map f, the pullback of a covariant two-tensor is (f∗q)x(v,w)=qf(x)(Dfxv,Dfxw). The pullback of a covariant tensor field

Proof

Given: The actual end hypotheses in the Statement.

Goal: Prove the stated same-slice end consequence.

1.1F1F2F3F8F9F10givenalgebra

Reconstruct the spacetime tensor from its ADM fields: g00=−N2+h(X,X), g0i=hijXj and gij=hij. The preceding lapse, shift and metric estimates give all displayed differentiated bounds. Only spatial coordinates were changed after tau was chosen in [F3], so τ=0 is still the original supplied maximal hypersurface.

2.1F1F2F3F4F5F8F9F10step 1.1algebra

On a large tau-constant sphere, stationarity gives ∇0Tr=−12∂rg00=m/r2+O(r−3). Its future section normal is ∂τ+O(r−1), its outward unit normal is radial up to order r−1, and its area is 4πr2+O(r). The normalized Komar limit is therefore m. The same calculation in the original regular chart gives M0. The vacuum identity in [F4] and Stokes in [F5] equate these integrals on large homologous spheres in the same stationary end, even when the spheres lie in different time sections. Thus m=mK=M0.

2.2F3F6F8F11step 1.1algebra

Construct the quotient metric on the spatial orbit labels, without invoking a global quotient theorem. On the common stationary end g00<0. The tensor Q=g−T♭⊗T♭/g(T,T) annihilates T and is stationary. For a spatial vector V, its value is Q(V,V)=g(V⊥,V⊥), where V⊥=V−g(V,T)T/g(T,T). Its coefficients on the old labels are qijold=gijold−g0ioldg0jold/g00old; define qnew by the same formula in the new chart. The old estimates in [F3] and step 1.1 give qold=δ+O(ρ−1) and qnew=δ+O(r−1). Thus both are smooth positive-definite metrics sufficiently far out, to which [F6] applies. Substituting dt=dτ+du cancels the du terms in this formula, and the spatial tensor transformation in [F11] then gives qold=f∗qnew. This defines the Riemannian metric on the stationary orbit labels and proves the pullback identity used here.

3.1F1F2F3F11step 2.2algebra

Uniform comparison of each quotient metric with its Euclidean metric and the pullback identity give constants 0<a≤b<∞ with a∣v∣≤∣Dfxv∣≤b∣v∣ on a sufficiently far-out common end, and hence a uniform bound for D(f−1). Since both charts describe the same end outside compact inner parts, points tending to its infinity have both ρ→∞ and r→∞. Choose a fixed old coordinate sphere beyond the inner parts. Integrating the upper bound for Df along its outward radial rays gives r≤bρ+C, since the image of the initial sphere is compact. Applying the same argument to f−1 from a fixed new coordinate sphere gives ρ≤a−1r+C′. After increasing the radii, r and ρ are therefore comparable. This uses the existing overlapping end charts, rather than postulating a Euclidean asymptotic formula for f.

4.1F3F8F10F11step 1.1step 3.1algebra∎

The mixed tensor identity for this same coordinate change is g0anew(f(x))∂ifa=g0iold+g00old∂iu. The old mixed component is O(ρ−2) by [F3], while the new one is O(r−2) by step 1.1. Step 3.1 and g00old→−1 therefore give Du=O(ρ−2). For each unit vector ω, integration of ∣∂ρu(ρω)∣≤Cρ−2 from ρ to infinity gives a limit c(ω) and a uniform error at most C/ρ. Any two points on the radius-ρ sphere can be joined there by an arc of length at most πρ; integrating the same gradient bound along it gives oscillation at most Cπ/ρ. Passing to infinity shows that all c(ω) coincide. Hence u=c+O(ρ−1), and a constant old-time translation sets c to zero. The adapted time already has the identical slice at zero. Only first derivatives in the old chart were used in this comparison.

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