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Stationary lifting of a spatial primitive
Statement
Let be a smooth manifold and give its product smooth structure. Write for the first coordinate, for the projection and . Suppose is smooth, closed and stationary, is stationary and . Put . Then there is a unique smooth closed two-form on such that . If has a smooth primitive , meaning , every real constant gives the smooth one-form on with , and . Here a function or form is stationary when its coefficients in product coordinates , with a chart on , are independent of ; a form descends to when it is a pullback by .
Statement references
Smooth manifolds and their smooth charts
Products of smooth manifolds have a canonical product smooth structure
Closed and exact differential forms
Interior product of a form by a vector field
The wedge product of differential forms
The pullback of a differential form
The Lie derivative of a differential form
Local coordinate expression for a differential form
The local coordinate formula for the exterior derivative
The exterior derivative of a function is its differential
Interior product is a graded antiderivation
Differential forms form a graded commutative algebra
The exterior derivative is a graded derivation
The exterior derivative squares to zero
Facts & Assumptions
Smooth manifolds and their product charts have the declared meanings; in these charts the projection and the slice map are smooth. Smooth manifolds and their smooth charts Products of smooth manifolds have a canonical product smooth structure
Use smooth differential forms, closedness , exactness , interior product, wedge product, pullback and Lie derivative with their declared meanings. In particular, . A smooth differential k-form Closed and exact differential forms Interior product of a form by a vector field The wedge product of differential forms The pullback of a differential form The Lie derivative of a differential form
A smooth form has a unique expansion in increasing coordinate wedges, , and . Local coordinate expression for a differential form The local coordinate formula for the exterior derivative The exterior derivative of a function is its differential
Pointwise contraction satisfies when has degree . Wedge products of smooth forms are smooth and graded commutative. Interior product is a graded antiderivation Differential forms form a graded commutative algebra
Exterior differentiation is real linear, satisfies for of degree , squares to zero, and commutes with pullback along smooth maps. The exterior derivative is a graded derivation The exterior derivative squares to zero The exterior derivative commutes with pullback
Cartan's formula is . Cartan's magic formula
Proof
Given: The smooth product, forms, function and hypotheses in the Statement.
Goal: Construct the descended closed form and its stationary lift with every stated identity.
The product coordinates give and , hence . The contraction rule gives , so . The coordinate formula for and stationarity of show that has no component and its coefficients are independent of . Thus is stationary as well.
Define . In every product chart the unique two-form expansion of has no terms because , and its remaining coefficients are independent of . Evaluating the pullback formulas for and therefore gives ; it also proves uniqueness by evaluating this equality on the slice . The form is globally smooth by its definition. Since , and , the graded product rule gives . Smoothness of and commutation with pullback now give .
Let be the supplied smooth primitive, , and let . The pullback is a smooth form on , so is well defined and smooth. Differentiation and graded commutativity give . Since , the pullback formula gives , whence .
The coefficients of in product coordinates depend only on , so is stationary in the stated coordinate sense. Moreover Cartan's formula, and give , and . The construction assumes the smooth primitive ; it does not assert that every closed form is exact.
Depends on
- Smooth manifolds and their smooth charts
- Products of smooth manifolds have a canonical product smooth structure
- A smooth differential k-form
- Closed and exact differential forms
- Interior product of a form by a vector field
- The wedge product of differential forms
- The pullback of a differential form
- The Lie derivative of a differential form
- Local coordinate expression for a differential form
- The local coordinate formula for the exterior derivative
- The exterior derivative of a function is its differential
- Interior product is a graded antiderivation
- Differential forms form a graded commutative algebra
- The exterior derivative is a graded derivation
- The exterior derivative squares to zero
- The exterior derivative commutes with pullback
- Cartan's magic formula
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