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Stationary lifting of a spatial primitive

Statement

Let Σ be a smooth manifold and give E=Rt×Σ its product smooth structure. Write t:E→R for the first coordinate, π:E→Σ for the projection and T=∂t. Suppose Θ∈Ω2(E) is smooth, closed and stationary, D∈C∞(E) is stationary and ιTΘ=dD. Put B=Θ−dt∧dD. Then there is a unique smooth closed two-form b on Σ such that B=π∗b. If b has a smooth primitive a∈Ω1(Σ), meaning da=b, every real constant c gives the smooth one-form V=(c−D)dt+π∗a on E with dV=Θ, LTV=0 and V(T)+D=c. Here a function or form is stationary when its coefficients in product coordinates (t,x), with x a chart on Σ, are independent of t; a form descends to Σ when it is a pullback by π.

Facts & Assumptions

[F1]

Smooth manifolds and their product charts have the declared meanings; in these charts the projection π(t,x)=x and the slice map j(x)=(0,x) are smooth. Smooth manifolds and their smooth charts Products of smooth manifolds have a canonical product smooth structure

[F2]

Use smooth differential forms, closedness dω=0, exactness ω=dη, interior product, wedge product, pullback and Lie derivative with their declared meanings. In particular, (F∗ω)p(v1,…,vk)=ωF(p)(dFpv1,…,dFpvk). A smooth differential k-form Closed and exact differential forms Interior product of a form by a vector field The wedge product of differential forms The pullback of a differential form The Lie derivative of a differential form

[F3]

A smooth form has a unique expansion in increasing coordinate wedges, d(∑IωIdxI)=∑IdωI∧dxI, and df(X)=Xf. Local coordinate expression for a differential form The local coordinate formula for the exterior derivative The exterior derivative of a function is its differential

[F4]

Pointwise contraction satisfies ιX(α∧β)=(ιXα)∧β+(−1)kα∧ιXβ when α has degree k. Wedge products of smooth forms are smooth and graded commutative. Interior product is a graded antiderivation Differential forms form a graded commutative algebra

[F5]

Exterior differentiation is real linear, satisfies d(α∧β)=dα∧β+(−1)kα∧dβ for α of degree k, squares to zero, and commutes with pullback along smooth maps. The exterior derivative is a graded derivation The exterior derivative squares to zero The exterior derivative commutes with pullback

[F6]

Cartan's formula is LXω=d(ιXω)+ιX(dω). Cartan's magic formula

Proof

Given: The smooth product, forms, function and hypotheses in the Statement.

Goal: Construct the descended closed form and its stationary lift with every stated identity.

1.1givenF1F2F3F4

The product coordinates give dt(T)=1 and T(D)=0, hence ιTdD=0. The contraction rule gives ιT(dt∧dD)=dD−dt T(D)=dD, so ιTB=0. The coordinate formula for dD and stationarity of D show that dD has no dt component and its coefficients are independent of t. Thus B is stationary as well.

2.1givenF1F2F3F5step 1.1

Define b=j∗B. In every product chart the unique two-form expansion of B has no dt terms because ιTB=0, and its remaining coefficients are independent of t. Evaluating the pullback formulas for j and π therefore gives B=π∗b; it also proves uniqueness by evaluating this equality on the slice t=0. The form b is globally smooth by its definition. Since d(dt)=d2t=0, d2D=0 and dΘ=0, the graded product rule gives dB=0. Smoothness of j and commutation with pullback now give db=d(j∗B)=j∗(dB)=0.

3.1givenF1F2F3F4F5step 2.1

Let a be the supplied smooth primitive, da=b, and let c∈R. The pullback π∗a is a smooth form on E, so V=(c−D)dt+π∗a is well defined and smooth. Differentiation and graded commutativity give dV=−dD∧dt+π∗(da)=dt∧dD+π∗b=Θ. Since dπ(T)=0, the pullback formula gives (π∗a)(T)=a(dπ(T))=0, whence V(T)=c−D.

4.1givenF2F5F6step 3.1∎

The coefficients of π∗a in product coordinates depend only on x, so V is stationary in the stated coordinate sense. Moreover Cartan's formula, dV=Θ and ιTΘ=dD give LTV=d(V(T))+ιTdV=d(c−D)+dD=0, and V(T)+D=c. The construction assumes the smooth primitive a; it does not assert that every closed form is exact.

Depends on

Used by · 3

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