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Canonical stationary end expansions give the precise source slice decay
Statement
Suppose a smooth stationary vacuum end, meaning on the end, has adapted coordinates and, for a constant , , , and . Then a sufficiently far-out slice is spacelike and has and second fundamental form . These are exactly the two differentiated decay requirements in (H1) of Huang–Li–Zhu; this comparison does not assert its exterior-slice topology or identify as ADM mass. Here means that derivatives of order are .
Facts & Assumptions
The metric, Killing field, Ricci tensor and covariant-derivative conventions are Stationary Lorentzian data and tensor conventions. The differentiated end convention is Differentiated asymptotic bounds and parameter uniformity; the normal and second fundamental form are Spacelike sections, maximality and lapse–shift data. Vacuum is the mathematical restriction , which this calculation does not use. The displayed expansions are hypotheses here; no existence of coordinates with these expansions is deduced.
The source H1 specifies the two differentiated slice-decay forms and the little-o convention recorded in External input below (Huang–Li–Zhu, Section 1, H1, p. 2). Its additional topology and ADM-mass clauses are outside this comparison.
For the smooth Riemannian metric , a Levi–Civita connection is torsion-free and metric-compatible, and exists uniquely. Levi civita connection Fundamental theorem of riemannian geometry Its coordinate symbols obey the Christoffel formula. Christoffel formula for the levi civita connection Its action on covectors is the dual connection, characterized by . Dual connection
Proof
Given: The adapted stationary end and its displayed differentiated expansions.
Goal: Obtain the exact asymptotic forms of its induced metric and second fundamental form.
The matrix tends to the identity, hence is positive definite for large . It is the induced metric . Its inverse is bounded with the corresponding differentiated decay. In the decomposition , the shift covector is , the vector is , and . Thus , and .
Let be the unique Levi–Civita connection of the induced Riemannian metric , so and is torsion-free. Its symbols are , and its dual action on the shift covector is . Stationarity gives . Differentiating the induced metric along yields , with the sign determined by the second-form convention and irrelevant for the estimate. Explicitly its components are, up to that sign, . The first derivatives of and their derivatives through order two are with the corresponding extra inverse powers. The -Christoffel symbols are by their coordinate formula, so their products with decay faster. Hence , which implies the weaker required , and the claim for follows from step 1.1.
The estimates for and in steps 1.1 and 2.1 have precisely the two differentiated decay forms in [F2], with the source coefficient replaced by . The derivative convention in the Statement is the same as that of H1. This establishes the asserted comparison of decay requirements alone; neither an exterior-slice topology nor an ADM-mass identification follows from this calculation.
External input
Huang–Li–Zhu, Section 1, H1, printed p. 2 (PDF page 2), prescribes and , with derivatives of order in required to be . Only this formulation is imported for [F2]; the slice estimates are proved locally above. The full H1 additionally prescribes exterior topology and identifies with ADM mass. Source PDF, H1.
Depends on
- Stationary Lorentzian data and tensor conventions
- Differentiated asymptotic bounds and parameter uniformity
- Spacelike sections, maximality and lapse–shift data
- Levi civita connection
- Fundamental theorem of riemannian geometry
- Christoffel formula for the levi civita connection
- Dual connection
- Yishen Huang, Junbin Li, and Xi-Ping Zhu, Nonexistence of Multiple Black Holes in Stationary Analytic Vacuum Spacetimes · arXiv:2611.03766v1, Section 1, hypothesis (H1), printed p. 2 (PDF page 2), including the little-o convention immediately following its displayed formulas.
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External dependencies
H1 specifies $h_{ij}=(1+2M/r)\delta_{ij}+o_2(r^{-1})$ and $k_{ij}=o_2(r^{-1})$; $u=o_l(r^{-p})$ requires each derivative of order $a\le l$ to be $o(r^{-p-a})$.
Hypotheses: These are prescribed data on a spacelike exterior slice diffeomorphic to $\mathbb R^3\setminus B(R)$, in Cartesian coordinates with $r=|x|$; H1 also identifies $M$ as ADM mass. Only its two differentiated decay clauses and notation are compared here.
Reading limits: Read the extracted PDF text of Section 1 through H1 on PDF page 2. This checks the formulation and notation only; no proof of the paper, existence of a canonical stationary gauge, exterior topology, or ADM identification is imported or reconstructed.
Sources
- Yishen Huang, Junbin Li, and Xi-Ping Zhu, Nonexistence of Multiple Black Holes in Stationary Analytic Vacuum Spacetimes · arXiv:2611.03766v1, Section 1, hypothesis (H1), printed p. 2 (PDF page 2), including the little-o convention immediately following its displayed formulas.