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Combining the collar and end barriers into interior compact confinement

Statement

Assume the Axiom of Choice. Let S‾ have the stationary ADM, smooth-boundary and compact-boundary collar data of the collar-barrier lemma, and the proper radius and smooth extensions of the proper-radius lemma. Assume both lemmas' stated estimates. Every causal curve on a bounded section-time interval containing v0 has its spatial image in a compact subset of the interior S. More precisely, if ∣v−v0∣≤T, choose η=12b(x(v0))e−CT>0 and m=R(x(v0))+CRT with the constants and the truncated collar coordinate b of those lemmas. The set K={R≤m}∖{ρ<η} contains the image and is compact in S; the removed set denotes the collar neighborhood including the boundary.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The data and hypotheses in the Statement.

Goal: The conclusions stated there.

[F1]

The Axiom of Choice is assumed for the inherited interfaces. The Axiom of Choice

[F2]

The collar barrier gives b(x(v))≥b(x(v0))e−C∣v−v0∣, with b=ρ close to the boundary and constant farther away. Collar barrier against finite section-time boundary arrival

[F3]

Proper-radius control gives R(x(v))≤R(x(v0))+CR∣v−v0∣, and every sublevel of R is compact in the manifold with boundary. Proper end radius and exclusion of finite-time spatial infinity

[F4]

A closed subspace of a compact topological space is compact; no metric hypothesis is required. A closed subspace of a compact space is compact, and a finite union of compact subspaces is compact

[F5]

The interior S=Int⁡S‾ is open in S‾ and carries the smooth structure of restricted charts. Its topology is the subspace topology: open sets are traces of ambient open sets, and because S is open these traces are also open in S‾. The interior is an open smooth n-manifold Subspace topology: the traces of the open sets, its closed sets and its bases, the continuity of the inclusion, and the characteristic property of a map into a subspace

[F6]

For a subset of any topological space with the subspace topology, compactness is equivalent to the finite-subcover property for families of ambient open sets covering that subset, including the empty-subset case. A subspace is compact exactly when every family of open subsets of the ambient space covering it, indexed or not, has finitely many members covering it

Proof

1.1F2F3algebra

The radius estimate places the entire image in {R≤m}. The collar estimate places it outside {ρ<η}, since within that neighborhood b=ρ<η contradicts b(x(v))≥2η. The chosen η is less than the truncation threshold, so the removed collar neighborhood is unambiguously defined.

2.1givenF2F3F4step 1.1

Let Cm={R≤m} and let Uη={ρ<η} denote the stated collar neighborhood. Under the supplied collar diffeomorphism, Uη is the image of [0,η)×B, open relative to [0,ϵ)×B; hence it is open in S‾ and contains the entire boundary B. Thus K=Cm∖Uη is closed in the compact space Cm and lies in S. The closed-subspace theorem makes K compact with the topology induced from Cm.

3.1F5F6step 1.1step 2.1∎

The restricted charts identify the topology of S with its open subspace topology in S‾. Consequently, if V is open in S, it is open in S‾, and V∩Cm is open in Cm. For any family of open subsets of S covering K, their traces on Cm cover K. Compactness from step 2.1 and the ambient-cover criterion in Cm give finitely many of those traces covering K, so the corresponding original sets also cover K. The same ambient-cover criterion in S now proves that K is compact in S. Together with step 1.1 this proves interior compact confinement.

Depends on

Used by · 2

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