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Combining the collar and end barriers into interior compact confinement
Statement
Assume the Axiom of Choice. Let have the stationary ADM, smooth-boundary and compact-boundary collar data of the collar-barrier lemma, and the proper radius and smooth extensions of the proper-radius lemma. Assume both lemmas' stated estimates. Every causal curve on a bounded section-time interval containing has its spatial image in a compact subset of the interior . More precisely, if , choose and with the constants and the truncated collar coordinate of those lemmas. The set contains the image and is compact in ; the removed set denotes the collar neighborhood including the boundary.
Statement references
Facts & Assumptions
Given: The data and hypotheses in the Statement.
Goal: The conclusions stated there.
The Axiom of Choice is assumed for the inherited interfaces. The Axiom of Choice
The collar barrier gives , with close to the boundary and constant farther away. Collar barrier against finite section-time boundary arrival
Proper-radius control gives , and every sublevel of is compact in the manifold with boundary. Proper end radius and exclusion of finite-time spatial infinity
A closed subspace of a compact topological space is compact; no metric hypothesis is required. A closed subspace of a compact space is compact, and a finite union of compact subspaces is compact
The interior is open in and carries the smooth structure of restricted charts. Its topology is the subspace topology: open sets are traces of ambient open sets, and because is open these traces are also open in . The interior is an open smooth n-manifold Subspace topology: the traces of the open sets, its closed sets and its bases, the continuity of the inclusion, and the characteristic property of a map into a subspace
For a subset of any topological space with the subspace topology, compactness is equivalent to the finite-subcover property for families of ambient open sets covering that subset, including the empty-subset case. A subspace is compact exactly when every family of open subsets of the ambient space covering it, indexed or not, has finitely many members covering it
Proof
The radius estimate places the entire image in . The collar estimate places it outside , since within that neighborhood contradicts . The chosen is less than the truncation threshold, so the removed collar neighborhood is unambiguously defined.
Let and let denote the stated collar neighborhood. Under the supplied collar diffeomorphism, is the image of , open relative to ; hence it is open in and contains the entire boundary . Thus is closed in the compact space and lies in . The closed-subspace theorem makes compact with the topology induced from .
The restricted charts identify the topology of with its open subspace topology in . Consequently, if is open in , it is open in , and is open in . For any family of open subsets of covering , their traces on cover . Compactness from step 2.1 and the ambient-cover criterion in give finitely many of those traces covering , so the corresponding original sets also cover . The same ambient-cover criterion in now proves that is compact in . Together with step 1.1 this proves interior compact confinement.
Depends on
- The Axiom of Choice
- Collar barrier against finite section-time boundary arrival
- Proper end radius and exclusion of finite-time spatial infinity
- A closed subspace of a compact space is compact, and a finite union of compact subspaces is compact
- The interior is an open smooth n-manifold
- Subspace topology: the traces of the open sets, its closed sets and its bases, the continuity of the inclusion, and the characteristic property of a map into a subspace
- A subspace is compact exactly when every family of open subsets of the ambient space covering it, indexed or not, has finitely many members covering it
Dependency tree · 2 levels
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