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Axial averaging and positive boost at the pole

PDF p. 28: Proof of Proposition 5.1, final paragraphs; PDF p. 29: Proof of Proposition 5.1, final paragraphs

Statement

Adopt the stationary vacuum model and regular non-degenerate stationary construction, with maximal original exterior section, ADM mass one and T∣S≢0, where S is the bifurcation sphere. Let K=T+ΩHZ and the pole p∈S be the supplied local fields and common zero, with Z generating the normalized circle action and K having positive normal boost rate κ. Use the supplied normalized Ernst potential σ, limiting Harrison metric g0, and d0=∣1−σ(p)∣2>0. Write ∇ and ∇(0) for the Levi–Civita connections of g and g0.

There is a smooth future g0-unit timelike normal field nˉ along S, invariant under the local circle action. Its Lie bracket with Z vanishes along S; at p, ∇nˉ(0)Z=∇Z(0)nˉ=0. If νˉ is the outward g0-unit spacelike normal at p orthogonal to nˉ, then

2Re⁡11−σ(p)−1=g(∇nˉT,νˉ)(p)=4d0g0(∇nˉ(0)K,νˉ)(p)=4κd0>0.

Here outward selects the normal direction into the exterior; invariance of a field along S means equivariance under the differential of the circle flow.

Facts & Assumptions

[F1]

The local fields satisfy K=T+ΩHZ, K∣S=0, T(p)=Z(p)=0 and the normal action of ∇K is the boost taking a future unit normal to κ times its outward orthogonal unit normal, with κ>0. The circle preserves S. Local Hawking and axial fields, boost and pole

[F2]

The supplied σ and W0 are invariant under Z, and g0=(D0/4)A0∗g, where D0=∣1−σ∣2 and A0v=v+D0−1W0(v)T. The limiting metric makes S spacelike. Invariant Ernst data and smooth K-invariant gauge Stationary Harrison one-form and metric Preservation of bifurcate horizons and surface gravity

[F3]

The circle-average construction turns a supplied smooth future timelike normal field along an invariant surface into a smooth invariant future unit normal. Periodic isometries and invariant normal averaging

[F4]

At p, g0=(d0/4)g, d0>0, and for every future/outward g0-orthonormal normal pair (n,ν), g(∇nT,ν)=2Re⁡(1/(1−σ(p)))−1 and ∇n(0)T=∇nT. Pole identities and the Ernst scalar inequality reduction

Proof

Given: The model, fields, limiting metric and pole in the Statement.

Goal: Construct the invariant normal and prove the displayed positive identity.

1.1F1F2F3A1

The circle flow preserves g and T, and by [F2] preserves D0 and W0; hence it preserves g0. It also preserves S and, being connected to the identity, preserves the future cone. The original spacelike section supplies a smooth future g-unit normal n along S. Because T is tangent to S, A0 maps TS to itself. Thus A0−1n is g0-normal to S and is timelike by the pullback formula. Choose its future sign continuously using the supplied Harrison family, which joins g0 to the original metric. Applying [F3] gives the smooth invariant future g0-unit normal nˉ.

2.1F1step 1.1

Differentiate the equivariance of nˉ along the circle flow. This gives [Z,nˉ]=0 along S, with the bracket computed using any local extension of nˉ; it is independent of the extension because Z is tangent to S. At the fixed point p, ∇Z(0)nˉ=0. Torsion-freeness then gives ∇nˉ(0)Z=0 there as well.

3.1F1F4step 2.1

Since K(p)=0, the difference of the two connections applied to K vanishes at p. By [F4] the two metrics are positive scalar multiples there, so their normal planes and future/outward orientations agree. The boost in [F1] consequently gives ∇nˉ(0)K=κνˉ at p. The relation K=T+ΩHZ and step 2.1 give ∇nˉ(0)T=∇nˉ(0)K there.

4.1F4step 3.1algebra∎

Apply [F4] to (nˉ,νˉ) and use g=(4/d0)g0 at p. Step 3.1 yields the displayed chain of equalities. Its last term is strictly positive because both κ and d0 are positive. This proves the claim.

Source notes

The article is cited for attribution. The argument uses the declared completed suppliers, including the independently authored pole identities, rather than the article's assertion as a premise.

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