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Axial averaging and positive boost at the pole
PDF p. 28: Proof of Proposition 5.1, final paragraphs; PDF p. 29: Proof of Proposition 5.1, final paragraphs
Statement
Adopt the stationary vacuum model and regular non-degenerate stationary construction, with maximal original exterior section, ADM mass one and , where is the bifurcation sphere. Let and the pole be the supplied local fields and common zero, with generating the normalized circle action and having positive normal boost rate . Use the supplied normalized Ernst potential , limiting Harrison metric , and . Write and for the Levi–Civita connections of and .
There is a smooth future -unit timelike normal field along , invariant under the local circle action. Its Lie bracket with vanishes along ; at , . If is the outward -unit spacelike normal at orthogonal to , then
Here outward selects the normal direction into the exterior; invariance of a field along means equivariance under the differential of the circle flow.
Facts & Assumptions
The model, regular construction, maximality, nontriviality and mass normalization are as stated. Stationary vacuum model and asymptotic normalization Regular non-degenerate stationary vacuum spacetime Spacelike sections, maximality and lapse–shift data Mass-one convention and Harrison denominator
The local fields satisfy , , and the normal action of is the boost taking a future unit normal to times its outward orthogonal unit normal, with . The circle preserves . Local Hawking and axial fields, boost and pole
The supplied and are invariant under , and , where and . The limiting metric makes spacelike. Invariant Ernst data and smooth K-invariant gauge Stationary Harrison one-form and metric Preservation of bifurcate horizons and surface gravity
The circle-average construction turns a supplied smooth future timelike normal field along an invariant surface into a smooth invariant future unit normal. Periodic isometries and invariant normal averaging
At , , , and for every future/outward -orthonormal normal pair , and . Pole identities and the Ernst scalar inequality reduction
Proof
Given: The model, fields, limiting metric and pole in the Statement.
Goal: Construct the invariant normal and prove the displayed positive identity.
The circle flow preserves and , and by [F2] preserves and ; hence it preserves . It also preserves and, being connected to the identity, preserves the future cone. The original spacelike section supplies a smooth future -unit normal along . Because is tangent to , maps to itself. Thus is -normal to and is timelike by the pullback formula. Choose its future sign continuously using the supplied Harrison family, which joins to the original metric. Applying [F3] gives the smooth invariant future -unit normal .
Differentiate the equivariance of along the circle flow. This gives along , with the bracket computed using any local extension of ; it is independent of the extension because is tangent to . At the fixed point , . Torsion-freeness then gives there as well.
Since , the difference of the two connections applied to vanishes at . By [F4] the two metrics are positive scalar multiples there, so their normal planes and future/outward orientations agree. The boost in [F1] consequently gives at . The relation and step 2.1 give there.
Apply [F4] to and use at . Step 3.1 yields the displayed chain of equalities. Its last term is strictly positive because both and are positive. This proves the claim.
Source notes
The article is cited for attribution. The argument uses the declared completed suppliers, including the independently authored pole identities, rather than the article's assertion as a premise.
Depends on
- Stationary vacuum model and asymptotic normalization
- Regular non-degenerate stationary vacuum spacetime
- Spacelike sections, maximality and lapse–shift data
- Mass-one convention and Harrison denominator
- Stationary Harrison one-form and metric
- Periodic isometries and invariant normal averaging
- Local Hawking and axial fields, boost and pole
- Invariant Ernst data and smooth K-invariant gauge
- Preservation of bifurcate horizons and surface gravity
- Pole identities and the Ernst scalar inequality reduction
Dependency tree · 2 levels
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Sources
- The uniqueness of smooth stationary black holes · PDF pp. 28–29, proof of Proposition 5.1, final paragraphs