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Pole identities and the Ernst scalar inequality reduction
PDF p. 28: Proof of Proposition 5.1, second condition; PDF p. 29: Completion of proof of Proposition 5.1
Statement
Adopt the stationary vacuum model and regular non-degenerate stationary construction, with original exterior section spacelike and maximal, ADM mass one, and stationary Killing field not identically zero on the bifurcation sphere . Use the supplied normalized Ernst potential , where and is real, the single regular Harrison family, and its limiting metric and real electromagnetic two-form . Let be the supplied common zero of and the local axial field . Put , , and , where is the supplied invariant Harrison one-form. Let and be the Levi–Civita connections of and , respectively; let , with .
At , , , , , and . Thus, at ,
For any future unit timelike normal and outward unit spacelike normal to at , orthogonal to one another and normalized using , one has
Also and at . The common quantity is strictly positive; equivalently .
Statement references
Stationary vacuum model and asymptotic normalization
Regular non-degenerate stationary vacuum spacetime
Spacelike sections, maximality and lapse–shift data
Mass-one convention and Harrison denominator
Killing two-form and normalized Ernst notation
Complex self-dual forms and metric-dependent contraction
Stationary Harrison one-form and metric
Local Hawking and axial fields, boost and pole
Invariant Ernst data and smooth K-invariant gauge
Facts & Assumptions
The model, regular construction, maximal section, mass normalization, and nontriviality of are those in the Statement. Stationary vacuum model and asymptotic normalization Regular non-degenerate stationary vacuum spacetime Spacelike sections, maximality and lapse–shift data Mass-one convention and Harrison denominator
The Ernst and complex-form conventions define , , the Killing two-form, and the metric-dependent Hodge stars. The Harrison definition supplies and . Killing two-form and normalized Ernst notation Complex self-dual forms and metric-dependent contraction Stationary Harrison one-form and metric
The denominator is positive near . On the inverse Harrison relation is . Positivity of the Harrison denominator and horizon bound Inverse Harrison relation and Killing-scalar identity
In every oriented -orthonormal frame with future and outward normal vectors , the limiting normal form has and . Boost invariance and limiting Maxwell normal form
Locally is a Killing field vanishing on ; has a -periodic isometric flow and vanishes at . At , the normal action of is a boost of rate , taking the future unit normal to times the outward unit normal. Local Hawking and axial fields, boost and pole
The local flows of and preserve , and the supplied one-form ; they also preserve . Local Hawking and axial fields, boost and pole Invariant Ernst data and smooth K-invariant gauge
Proof
Given: The model, construction, pole and normal frame in the Statement.
Goal: Prove the pole identities, the normal-derivative formula, and its strict positivity.
At , gives and . Since with real , there. The metric formula gives , and denominator positivity gives . Substitution into the inverse relation yields the displayed pole relation; in particular and are nonzero.
Evaluate the real part of the pole relation on . By the normal form its right-hand side has real value . The real part of is . Because is purely imaginary at , and are conjugates, so the displayed real part equals . The difference of two connections applied to is tensorial and vanishes where ; hence at , and the metric scaling gives the stated contraction identity.
The flows of and preserve : they preserve every factor in the Harrison metric formula. Let be the flow of , fixing . Since and this flow preserves , . Thus its differential commutes with the differential of the -flow at , and hence with its infinitesimal generator . Since , vanishes on ; the Killing equation makes skew with respect to , so it preserves the -normal plane. Its restriction there is the supplied nonzero boost, which is invertible, giving . Commutation therefore makes preserve and, because is a -isometry, its -orthogonal normal plane. The positive conformal relation at makes this the -normal plane as well. The continuous family , starting at the identity, preserves its future cone. At the fixed point , average any future -unit timelike normal over this periodic differential action. In an orthonormal normal frame, each averaged vector has time component larger than the absolute value of its spatial component; compactness and the triangle inequality make the average future timelike. Normalize it to obtain an invariant future unit normal , and let be its outward unit orthogonal normal. Differentiating the fixed vector relation under the flow gives at , since .
At , the connection difference also vanishes on , because . Thus the supplied boost action holds for as well. The two metrics are positive constant multiples at this point, so their future/outward normal planes agree and the same boost rate sends to . Using and step 2.2 gives . Step 2.1 therefore gives the positive value for the scalar expression. Since that expression is independent of the chosen oriented normal frame, the same positivity holds for the original , proving the inequality.
Source notes
The original article is cited for attribution of the pole calculation. The proof above uses the stated completed suppliers and does not use the article's assertion as a premise.
Depends on
- Stationary vacuum model and asymptotic normalization
- Regular non-degenerate stationary vacuum spacetime
- Spacelike sections, maximality and lapse–shift data
- Mass-one convention and Harrison denominator
- Killing two-form and normalized Ernst notation
- Complex self-dual forms and metric-dependent contraction
- Stationary Harrison one-form and metric
- Local Hawking and axial fields, boost and pole
- Invariant Ernst data and smooth K-invariant gauge
- Positivity of the Harrison denominator and horizon bound
- Inverse Harrison relation and Killing-scalar identity
- Boost invariance and limiting Maxwell normal form
Dependency tree · 2 levels
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Sources
- The uniqueness of smooth stationary black holes · PDF pp. 28–29, proof of Proposition 5.1, second condition