How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
Non-rotating staticity and Schwarzschild uniqueness
PDF p. 2: §1.1 and Remark 1.2; PDF p. 4: §1.1 and Remark 1.2
Statement
In the regular asymptotically flat stationary vacuum setting of the article, a non-rotating black hole has Schwarzschild exterior. In particular, if the stationary field vanishes on the bifurcation sphere, , the entire exterior is static and globally isometric to a Schwarzschild exterior of positive mass. Non-rotation means that is tangent to the horizon null-generator lines; at the transverse spacelike bifurcation sphere this implies . No maximal-slice, analyticity, nontrapping or additional global ambient-completeness assumption is added to the article’s regularity hypotheses.
Statement references
Stationary vacuum model and asymptotic normalization
Regular non-degenerate stationary vacuum spacetime
Rotation, surface gravity and horizon degeneracy
Zero stationary field gives the local bifurcate Killing-horizon and boundary data
The selected exterior is connected and causally convex
Closure of the exterior Cauchy section meets only the double horizon
The exterior Cauchy component has a complete asymptotically Euclidean closure
The Schwarzschild exterior model datum: domain, metric, mass parameter and time orientation
A working partial-Cauchy collar satisfies the source GR section equalities
The nonrotating bifurcation gives positive normalized mass before staticity
Independent regular nonrotating staticity and Schwarzschild theorem
Facts & Assumptions
Adopt the stationary vacuum model and precisely the article regularity/horizon definitions. Stationary vacuum model and asymptotic normalization Regular non-degenerate stationary vacuum spacetime Rotation, surface gravity and horizon degeneracy
Vanishing of the nontrivial stationary field on the transverse spacelike bifurcation sphere gives the local bifurcate Killing-horizon data. Zero stationary field gives the local bifurcate Killing-horizon and boundary data
The exterior is connected and causally convex; Cauchy-section closure lies only on the double horizon. The complete-up-to-boundary section is the connected component containing the physical stationary end, with compact core and one asymptotically Euclidean end. The exact section result supplies an adapted topological radial identification in which that component is the outer radial component; it does not assert this for every originally specified radial identification. Its end-metric estimates use the original physical end coordinates. The selected exterior is connected and causally convex Closure of the exterior Cauchy section meets only the double horizon The exterior Cauchy component has a complete asymptotically Euclidean closure
The working-collar result gives an exterior-preserving working spacetime with the source’s acausal edgeless partial Cauchy section, exact chronological section equalities and full double chronological boundary equal to . A working partial-Cauchy collar satisfies the source GR section equalities
In the zero-bifurcation-field case the normalized end coefficient equals the positive ADM rest mass, without assuming a maximal slice or staticity. The nonrotating bifurcation gives positive normalized mass before staticity
Under its explicit GR/SBS hypotheses and , the independent nonrotating theorem gives global staticity and a global Schwarzschild isometry of the entire exterior. Its completion and maximal-slice preparation are imported parts of that result. Independent regular nonrotating staticity and Schwarzschild theorem
The Schwarzschild exterior is the mathematical model with metric . In the model definition take and positive mass parameter , so and the Schwarzschild radius is . Here is the model’s areal radius, separate from the working-section parameter in step 1.2. The Schwarzschild exterior model datum: domain, metric, mass parameter and time orientation
Proof
Given: The article’s regular spacetime, selected end and bifurcation sphere, with non-rotation or , and the inputs [A1], [F1]–[F6].
Goal: Establish global staticity and Schwarzschild uniqueness under the original hypotheses.
In the non-rotating case, tangency to both transverse horizon sheets places in , while non-rotation places it in the null-generator line. The positive-definite metric on therefore makes there. If is assumed directly, this conclusion is already given. The field is nontrivial because it is timelike in the asymptotic end, so [F1] identifies the given sheets as Killing horizons for near .
Put . Apply [F2] to the connected selected end and the given exterior Cauchy section. Then and are connected, every additional ambient closure point of lies in the double chronological boundary , and is the component containing the original stationary end. Its closure is complete up to , with a compact core and one asymptotically Euclidean end. The radial outer-component description supplied by [F2] uses an adapted identification, which may differ from the original section identification and from the physical end chart. By [F3], pass to the working spacetime containing the same and a neighborhood of . Choose the working-section parametrization supplied there and denote its radial parameter by . It has an embedded acausal edgeless section , with , unchanged near and on the physical end, for which . The parameter labels these topological section regions; the original end coordinates continue to supply the metric estimates. Its DOC is exactly , its full double chronological boundary is by the working-collar result in [F3], and its local chronological horizon sheets are unchanged. Take the connected component containing and its collar if needed; all these data remain in it.
By [F4] and step 1.1, on this nonmaximal compact-core section. Match the contract of [F5] in the working spacetime: the restricted geometry is smooth, oriented, time-oriented and vacuum with the same Killing field; the unchanged end has future , the original expansions and section alignment, with its mass now verified positive. Its DOC is the same globally hyperbolic ; the complete exterior stationary orbits meet , since they meet within . Step 1.2 supplies the required partial Cauchy section, radial parametrization and both exact chronological section equalities. By [F3] and step 1.2, the full double chronological boundary in is exactly , and the two local sheets remain smooth, transverse, null, nonexpanding and tangent to . Thus GR and SBS, including the zero-field condition from step 1.1, hold with no additional original hypothesis.
Apply the full nonrotating conclusion of [F5] to the data verified in step 2.1. It gives staticity throughout and a global isometry of with the Schwarzschild exterior of mass , understood with the metric, exterior domain and geometrized units of [F6]. This imports the source’s completion and maximal-slice staticity argument, including its final classification; no end graph or stronger differentiated bound for a selected auxiliary slice is inferred here. Since the working restriction and the source’s completion preserve exactly the original with its metric and stationary field, the conclusion is the required one for the original exterior.
Source notes
The original article is cited only for attribution. The independent nonrotating branch is used through its explicit external-input supplier, after the section and positive-mass hypotheses are verified locally. Its maximal-slice preparation explains the original staticity route, but the present application uses the full staticity and Schwarzschild conclusion. No local reconstruction of the imported global theorems is claimed.
Depends on
- Stationary vacuum model and asymptotic normalization
- Regular non-degenerate stationary vacuum spacetime
- Rotation, surface gravity and horizon degeneracy
- Zero stationary field gives the local bifurcate Killing-horizon and boundary data
- The selected exterior is connected and causally convex
- Closure of the exterior Cauchy section meets only the double horizon
- The exterior Cauchy component has a complete asymptotically Euclidean closure
- The Schwarzschild exterior model datum: domain, metric, mass parameter and time orientation
- A working partial-Cauchy collar satisfies the source GR section equalities
- The nonrotating bifurcation gives positive normalized mass before staticity
- Independent regular nonrotating staticity and Schwarzschild theorem
- A. F. Radu, On rigidity of stationary black holes under a nontrapping assumption, arXiv:2609.23872v2 · §1.1, GR and SBS, PDF/printed pp. 3–4; Lemma 2.13, p. 25; §6, nonrotating branch of the proof of Theorem 1.1, pp. 69–70.
Dependency tree · 2 levels
Each result is drawn at its shortest distance from this item. Arrows run from prerequisites to the items that use them; this item has a heavier outline. External source nodes link directly to the cited text. The view shows up to two dependency steps; open a prerequisite to continue.
External dependencies
The branch T|S=0 proves global staticity and Schwarzschild uniqueness using an exterior-preserving completion and maximal-slice preparation. It does not use NT.
Hypotheses: The GR/SBS contract stated in the direct supplier: smooth stationary vacuum geometry; positive normalized ADM mass; the specified O6 end; an acausal edgeless end-aligned partial Cauchy section with exact chronological section equalities; globally hyperbolic exterior with complete stationary orbits; smooth transverse nonexpanding horizons tangent to T; and T|S=0.
Reading limits: Read the retained full-PDF text at pp. 3–4, 25 and 69–70 and opened the independent arXiv PDF. Checked the stated hypotheses and this application; did not reconstruct or independently audit the imported completion, maximal-existence or static-classification proofs. The direct supplier carries the external result; the present proof supplies local hypothesis matching.
Sources
- The uniqueness of smooth stationary black holes · Attribution only: PDF p. 2, §1.1; p. 4, Remark 1.2.
- A. F. Radu, On rigidity of stationary black holes under a nontrapping assumption, arXiv:2609.23872v2 · §1.1, GR and SBS, PDF/printed pp. 3–4; Lemma 2.13, p. 25; §6, nonrotating branch of the proof of Theorem 1.1, pp. 69–70.