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Complete-graph separator when orders differ
PDF p. 2: Section 3, ordinary classes, different-order case
Example
Let and be finite simple graphs with at least one vertex, let be an integer, and suppose , where is the number of vertices of . Put , the complete graph on vertices. Then , where consists of the graphs in which every vertex colouring with colours has a monochromatic ordinary copy of . An ordinary copy is a subgraph isomorphic to ; extra host edges between its vertices are allowed.
Example references
Facts & Assumptions
The order of a finite graph is the cardinality of its vertex set (Order, size, complement and independence number).
For a finite set and positive integers , if , every function has a fibre with at least elements; if , such a function exists with every fibre of size at most (Finite colour-class capacity and prescribed partitions).
A complete graph has an edge between every two distinct vertices (Empty and complete graphs, complete bipartite graphs, and the convention that Pₙ and Cₙ have n vertices). An injective edge-preserving map from a graph into a host gives an ordinary copy on its image vertices and image edges (Ordinary embeddings as injections preserving edges).
Membership in means that every function from the host vertex set to has a monochromatic ordinary copy of (Ordinary vertex-Ramsey class).
A finite set of cardinality admits a bijection to ; bijections preserve finite cardinality, and finite sets of equal cardinality admit a bijection (The cardinality | A| of a finite set).
If is finite and , then is finite and (A subset of a finite set is finite, with | B| ≤ | A|, and equality holds if and only if B = A).
Verification
Given: Finite simple graphs with nonempty vertex sets, an integer , , and . Goal: Show that belongs to and does not belong to .
Let be any -colouring of . Since , a colour class contains at least vertices. Let be such a class. Since and is finite, F6 makes finite; put . By F5 choose bijections and . The first indices belong to , so defines an injection from into , bijective onto the vertices indexed by those first indices. Every edge of maps to an edge of , because is complete. The map therefore gives a monochromatic ordinary copy of . As was arbitrary, .
Since , there is a -colouring of in which every colour class has at most vertices. If were a monochromatic ordinary copy of , its isomorphism from would give a bijection . By F5, . All vertices of would lie in one colour class , which is finite by F6 since . Since , F6 gives , a contradiction. This colouring witnesses . Together with step 1.1, this proves the stated separation.
Depends on
- Ordinary vertex-Ramsey class
- Order, size, complement and independence number
- Finite colour-class capacity and prescribed partitions
- Empty and complete graphs, complete bipartite graphs, and the convention that Pₙ and Cₙ have n vertices
- Ordinary embeddings as injections preserving edges
- The cardinality | A| of a finite set
- A subset of a finite set is finite, with | B| ≤ | A|, and equality holds if and only if B = A
Used by · 1
Dependency tree · 2 levels
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Sources
- Maria Axenovich and Patrick Schmitteckert, Non-isomorphic graphs have distinct vertex-Ramsey classes, arXiv:2610.03704v1 · PDF p. 2, Section 3, ordinary classes, different-order case