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CounterexampleConstruction: AI-generatedVerification: AI-generatedprecheck passjudge pass (gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-09-14
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The closed unit ball of c-zero is not dentable

Statement refuted

Over either R or C, every slice of the closed unit ball Bc0 has norm diameter exactly two. Consequently Bc0 is not dentable.

Facts & Assumptions

[L1]

The real and complex sequence spaces c0 carry the supremum norm and are Banach spaces (The sequence spaces c_0 and ell-infinity, Real and complex c0 are Banach).

[L2]

Every functional on c0 has a unique bilinear representation ϕ(x)=n0anxn with a1, and finite truncations of a converge in 1 (The continuous dual of c0 is ell-one, Finite truncations approximate null and summable sequences).

[L3]

Slices in a complex space use real parts, and dentability asks for slices of arbitrarily small norm diameter (Dentable bounded set and slice).

Counterexample

technique · counterexample

Given: one scalar field and the closed unit ball B=Bc0.

1.1

Fix an arbitrary slice with a strict margin. Let S=S(B,ϕ,α) be a slice. By [L2], write ϕ(x)=nanxn. One has supxBReϕ(x)=ϕ: the upper bound is the dual-norm inequality, while multiplying any almost norming vector by a scalar of modulus one makes its value real and nonnegative. Choose xS and set

givenL2L3

δ=Reϕ(x)(ϕα)>0.

2.1

Construct two points in the slice at distance two. The 1 truncation convergence in [L2] implies ak0, so take k with 2ak<δ. Retain all coordinates of x except put yk=1 and zk=1. A one-coordinate change preserves convergence to zero, and y,z1, so y,zB. Moreover,

L1L2step 1.1construct

Reϕ(y)Reϕ(x)ak1xk>ϕα,

and the identical estimate using 1xk2 puts z in S. Their kth coordinates differ by two, hence yz=2.

3.1

Compute the diameter and deduce nondentability. The triangle inequality bounds the diameter of B, and thus of S, above by two. Step 2.1 attains two, so every slice has diameter exactly two. In particular no slice has diameter below one, and [L3] says that B is not dentable. The set B is nonempty, bounded, closed, and convex in the Banach space from [L1].

L1L3step 2.1
4.1

Audit zero, strict-boundary, and complex cases. [L2, L3, step 1.1, step 2.1, step 3.1] If ϕ=0, then the slice is all of B and ek,ek are direct witnesses. For nonzero ϕ, the positive δ and strict inequality 2ak<δ keep both witnesses inside the slice rather than only on its boundary; a zero remote coefficient is harmless. In the complex case [L2] uses the bilinear pairing and [L3] uses Reϕ, so no conjugation is inserted. A singleton zero ball is not involved: c0 contains every ek.

givenL1L2L3step 1.1step 2.1step 3.1

Depends on

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Sources