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CounterexampleConstruction: Literature-sourcedVerification: AI-generatedSession-authored (Fable 5 assisted)precheck passaudited 2026-08-11
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1/x21/x^2 has no finite Cauchy principal value at zero

Example

Symmetry does not rescue the nonnegative singularity 1/x21/x^2: PV ⁣11dxx2\operatorname{PV}\!\int_{-1}^1\frac{dx}{x^2} does not exist as a finite real number.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The function x2x^{-2} away from zero.

[L1]

Principal value uses the sum of the two symmetric truncations (Cauchy principal values at a finite singularity and on the real line).

[L2]

The rational-power formula evaluates each proper truncation (Truncated integrals of rational powers).

Verification

technique · computation
1.1

For 0<ε<10<\varepsilon<1, symmetry and [L2] give [L2] 1εdxx2+ε1dxx2=2(1ε1).\int_{-1}^{-\varepsilon}\frac{dx}{x^2}+\int_\varepsilon^1\frac{dx}{x^2}=2\left(\frac1\varepsilon-1\right).

2.1

This tends to ++\infty as ε0\varepsilon\downarrow0, not to a finite real. Therefore the principal value in [L1] diverges.

L1

Depends on

Used by

Nothing in the library uses this result yet.

Dependency tree · next 3 levels

Direct dependencies and their dependencies through the next three levels: 90 results over 22 levels. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, and this result sits at the bottom with a heavier outline. Click the chart to enlarge it.

Sources