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The squeeze theorem needs the two bounds to share their limit

Statement refuted

Refuted claim: if ak≤xk≤bk eventually and (ak) and (bk) both converge, then (xk) converges.

The witnesses are the constant sequences ak:=−1 and bk:=1 together with the alternating sequence xk:=sk of FALSE: every bounded sequence converges; the inequalities hold at every index, the two bounds converge to −1 and 1 respectively, and (sk) does not converge. So The squeeze theorem genuinely needs the two limit values to coincide, not merely the two bounds to exist.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The unique sequences (sk) of reals with s0=1 and sσ(k)=−sk for every k (The recursion theorem), and the constant sequences ak:=−1, bk:=1, xk:=sk (Sequences of reals: bounded, eventually, frequently, tails, subsequences).

[F1]

The sequence (sk) is the alternating sequence of FALSE: every bounded sequence converges: it is introduced there by the recursion s0=1, sσ(k)=−sk (FALSE: every bounded sequence converges).

[F2]

(sk) does not converge (FALSE: every bounded sequence converges).

[F3]

Absolute value is even: ∣−u∣=∣u∣ (Basic properties of the absolute value).

[F4]

Induction principle: if P(0) holds and P(k) implies P(σ(k)) for every k, then P(k) holds for every natural k (The principle of mathematical induction).

[F5]

Absolute value: ∣u∣=u if u≥0 and ∣u∣=−u if u<0; so ∣0∣=0, ∣1∣=1 and, for any u, the equality ∣u∣=1 forces u=1 when u≥0 and u=−1 when u<0 (Absolute value in an ordered field).

[F6]

Trichotomy: for all reals u,v exactly one of u<v, u=v, v<u holds, and the order is transitive (Ordered field).

[F7]

0<1, so by adding constants −1<1 and in particular 1≠−1, while −1≤1 (The multiplicative identity is positive, Order is preserved by adding a constant and by adding inequalities).

[F8]

Convergence: (zk) converges to z when for every rational ε>0 there is K with ∣zk−z∣<ε for all k≥K (Limits and Cauchy sequences of reals).

[F9]

Squeeze theorem: if ak≤xk≤bk eventually and (ak), (bk) both converge to the same real L, then (xk) converges to L (The squeeze theorem).

Counterexample

technique · direct
1.1givenF1F3F4F5

By induction [F4], ∣sk∣=1 for every k: the base is ∣s0∣=∣1∣=1 by [F5], and if ∣sk∣=1 then ∣sσ(k)∣=∣−sk∣=∣sk∣=1 by [F3] and the recursion [F1].

1.2F5F8

The constant sequences converge to their values: given a rational ε>0, the estimates ∣−1−(−1)∣=∣0∣=0<ε and ∣1−1∣=∣0∣=0<ε hold at every index by [F5], so the threshold K=0 witnesses the condition of [F8] in each case.

1.3F2F7

(sk) does not converge by [F2], and the two limits −1 and 1 are distinct by [F7].

2.1step 1.1F5F6F7

Consequently sk∈{1,−1} for every k: if sk≥0 then sk=∣sk∣=1 by [F5], while if sk<0 then sk=−∣sk∣=−1 by [F5]; trichotomy [F6] makes the two cases exhaustive. In both cases −1≤sk≤1 by [F7].

3.1step 1.2step 1.3step 2.1F9∎

Steps 2.1 and 1.2 give ak≤xk≤bk at every index (hence eventually) with (ak)→−1 and (bk)→1, while by step 1.3 the middle sequence does not converge; since the two bound limits differ, the equal-limit hypothesis of [F9] fails and the squeeze gives no conclusion — and indeed the conclusion is false.

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