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An interval of length one need not embed under p:RR/Z

Statement refuted

The strict bound in The quotient map is open, and every interval shorter than one embeds in R/Z cannot be replaced uniformly by length at most one. In particular, the claim that pJ is a homeomorphism onto its image for every open, closed, or half-open interval J of length at most one is false.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The quotient map p:RR/Z and the intervals [0,1) and [0,1].

[L1]

The continuous quotient projection has p(x)=[x], with p(x)=p(y) exactly when xyZ (The circle as S1=R/Z with basepoint [0]).

[L5]

Every real x has a unique integer m with mx<m+1 (Integer part: for every real x there is exactly one integer m with mx<m+1).

[L6]

For a continuous bijection, being a homeomorphism is equivalent to being an open map (A continuous bijection is a homeomorphism iff it is open iff it is closed, and homeomorphy is an equivalence relation on spaces).

[L7]

The quotient map is open, and every interval shorter than one embeds in R/Z (The quotient map is open, and every interval shorter than one embeds in R/Z).

Counterexample

technique · direct
1.1

The restriction f=p[0,1) is continuous by [L1] and [L3]. It is surjective: for xR, [L5] gives r=xx[0,1) with p(r)=p(x). It is injective: if r,s[0,1) and p(r)=p(s), then [L1] gives rsZ and rs<1, so r=s. Thus f is a continuous bijection onto R/Z.

L1L3L5algebra
2.1

The set A=[0,1/2) is relatively open in [0,1), since A=(1/2,1/2)[0,1) by [L4]. Its image satisfies p1(p[A])=nZ[n,n+1/2) by [L1]. This union is not open at any integer, in particular at 0, so [L2] says p[A] is not open in the quotient. Hence the continuous bijection f is not open and is not a homeomorphism by [L6].

step 1.1L1L2L4L6
3.1

The other endpoint convention fails differently: on [0,1] one has p(0)=p(1) by [L1], so the restriction is not injective and cannot be a homeomorphism onto its image. Both intervals have length one, which refutes the proposed replacement of the strict bound in [L7] by length at most one.

L1L7algebra

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