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Euler number makes the Milnor sphere bundle a homotopy seven-sphere
Statement
Assume the Axiom of Choice as inherited from the Gysin calculation. If , then the Milnor sphere bundle is a smooth homotopy seven-sphere: it is a closed connected smooth seven-manifold homotopy equivalent to .
Facts & Assumptions
Given: Integers with and the closed smooth seven-manifold of The Milnor sphere and disk bundles and .
The Axiom of Choice is assumed (The Axiom of Choice); in particular follows (AC implies DC implies countable choice).
If , then for every (Euler number implies the Milnor sphere bundle is a homology seven-sphere), and is closed, connected and simply connected (Milnor sphere bundles are simply connected, The Milnor sphere and disk bundles and ).
Under a compact smooth manifold has the homotopy type of a finite CW complex (Compact smooth manifolds have finite CW models under countable choice).
Assume AC. For , an -connected space with a supplied homotopy equivalence to a CW complex satisfies by the absolute Hurewicz homomorphism; any class in therefore has a preimage represented by a based map (Absolute Hurewicz theorem at the first nonzero degree).
Under AC, a homology equivalence between simply connected finite CW complexes is a homotopy equivalence. Indeed, cellular approximation and the finite mapping cylinder give a simply connected CW pair with zero relative homology by the homology pair sequence. Starting with its -connectivity, relative Hurewicz inductively gives for every . The relative homotopy sequence makes a weak equivalence, and finite Whitehead makes it a homotopy equivalence (Cellular approximation for maps of CW pairs, Cellular mapping cylinders and relative cylinders are CW complexes, Long exact sequence of a pair, Relative Hurewicz theorem in the simple-connectivity range, Long exact sequence of relative homotopy groups, Whitehead theorem).
Proof
By [L1] the manifold is closed, connected, simply connected and has the integral homology of ; by [L2] and [A1] both and have finite CW models.
Starting with simple connectivity, induct on . If is -connected, Hurewicz [L3] gives ; thus it is -connected. It is therefore -connected. Hurewicz in degree seven now identifies with . Choose the preimage of an oriented generator and a representing based map . Its homology map is an isomorphism in degree seven and in degree zero, and all other groups vanish. The CW-type hypothesis is supplied by step 1.1, and AC is in [A1].
Transporting along the finite CW models of [L2], the map becomes a map of simply connected finite CW complexes inducing integral homology isomorphisms, so by the simply connected homology Whitehead criterion [L4] is a homotopy equivalence; hence is a smooth homotopy seven-sphere.
Depends on
- The Milnor sphere and disk bundles $M_{h,j}$ and $W_{h,j}$
- Euler number $\pm1$ implies the Milnor sphere bundle is a homology seven-sphere
- Milnor sphere bundles are simply connected
- Whitehead theorem
- Compact smooth manifolds have finite CW models under countable choice
- Relative Hurewicz theorem in the simple-connectivity range
- Absolute Hurewicz theorem at the first nonzero degree
- AC implies DC implies countable choice
- The Axiom of Choice
- Cellular approximation for maps of CW pairs
- Cellular mapping cylinders and relative cylinders are CW complexes
- Long exact sequence of a pair
- Long exact sequence of relative homotopy groups
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Sources
- John Milnor, On Manifolds Homeomorphic to the 7-Sphere, Annals of Mathematics 64 (1956), 399-405 (standard reference, not scraped)
- Michel Kervaire and John Milnor, Groups of Homotopy Spheres I, Annals of Mathematics 77 (1963), 504-537 (standard reference, not scraped)