How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
Euler number implies the Milnor sphere bundle is a homology seven-sphere
Statement
Assume the Axiom of Choice as inherited from the Gysin and duality suppliers. If , then the Milnor sphere bundle has for every ; that is, only and are and all intermediate integral homology vanishes.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: Integers with and the oriented sphere bundle of The Milnor sphere and disk bundles and .
The Axiom of Choice is assumed (The Axiom of Choice).
Assume AC. The integral Gysin sequence of the oriented rank-four sphere bundle is (Gysin long exact sequence of an oriented sphere bundle).
with the generator of (Euler and first Pontryagin classes of ).
Assume AC. A closed oriented seven-manifold has finitely generated integral homology in every degree (Finite generation from cap with a finite fundamental cycle).
Under AC the cohomological UCT has the exact sequence (Topological universal coefficient short exact sequence for cohomology).
A finitely generated abelian group is with finite (The fundamental theorem of finitely generated abelian groups from PID modules). The finite cyclic resolution gives (Ext one of Z modulo n by Z is Z modulo n); its DC assumption follows from AC (AC implies DC implies countable choice). Thus detects rank zero, and detects absence of torsion.
Proof
In the Gysin sequence [L1] with and with negative cohomology zero, the only possible intermediate term is ; since by [L2] and , the multiplication map is an isomorphism, so and , while also and .
For the sequence reads with , so .
For the sequence gives , so is an isomorphism and ; for , gives , and all higher degrees vanish.
Combining: and for .
Write by [L3], [L5]. The UCT exact sequence [L4] and the vanishing of for give in these degrees and . In degree seven, injects into ; it is finite, so it is zero and . The resulting isomorphism gives . Finally from step 3.1 forces , hence . Since the bundle is locally path connected, from step 4.1 forces it to have one component; thus .
Thus and . The closed seven-manifold finiteness supplier [L3] also gives zero groups outside degrees zero through seven, proving the statement in every degree.
Depends on
- The Milnor sphere and disk bundles $M_{h,j}$ and $W_{h,j}$
- Euler and first Pontryagin classes of $\xi_{h,j}$
- Gysin long exact sequence of an oriented sphere bundle
- Finite generation from cap with a finite fundamental cycle
- Topological universal coefficient short exact sequence for cohomology
- The homology universal-coefficient sequence splits nonnaturally
- The Axiom of Choice
- The fundamental theorem of finitely generated abelian groups from PID modules
- Ext one of Z modulo n by Z is Z modulo n
- AC implies DC implies countable choice
Used by
Dependency tree · two levels
53 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- John Milnor, On Manifolds Homeomorphic to the 7-Sphere, Annals of Mathematics 64 (1956), 399-405 (standard reference, not scraped)
- Allen Hatcher, Algebraic Topology, Cambridge University Press 2002 (complete book) (standard reference, not scraped)